Abstract
Pulp and paper mill effluents contain a group of acutely toxic chemicals, resin acids, which cause jaundice to exposed fishes in high concentrations (Kruzynski 1979; Nikinmaa and Oikari 1982; Mattsoff and Oikari 1987). In jaundice the metabolism of bilirubin, which is the end product of hemoglobin catabolism (Ganong 1981), is disturbed and as a consequence, bilirubin accumulates in plasma, interstitial fluids and tissues (Robbins and Angell 1976). Bilirubin is a toxic compound and is normally eliminated from the body by secretion to the bile (Dutton 1966). Jaundice can therefore result either from accelerated red cell hemolysis or from disturbances in the detoxification of bilirubin in the liver (Robbins and Angell 1976).
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