Abstract
Pakistan is geographically suitable for the installation of Photovoltaic (PV) cells to produce electricity. Pakistan covers the maximum of its land where sunny days prevail throughout the year. The energy produced from these panels can be affectively distributed throughout and excess of it can be provided to the nearby grid. The population of Pakistan is tremendously enhancing due to which construction of buildings is growing up causing shading that harmfully affects the performance of PV panel. The production of electricity from the renewable energy sources is surely considerate and friendly. No detrimental chemicals are given out making the environment pollution free. The performance of the PV cells solely depends upon many factors i.e. intensity of light, shading, temperature, dust and cells configuration. In this paper the shading effect over the PV cells and how to nullify its substandard effect on the performance of PV panel is overviewed. It was accounted that the depletion in the maximum output power & short circuit current was 34% and 40% respectively due to the 30% shading strength in mono crystalline PV panel. For the better efficiency of the PV array, modules are coupled in the series and parallel configuration to enhance the voltage & current respectively. Bypass diodes are instigated to overwhelm the shading effect.
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