Degradation Mechanism Study for Secondary Degradants in Rosuvastatin Calcium and Determination of Degradant Acetaldehyde Using Static Headspace Gas Chromatography Coupled with Matrix Precipitation

Abstract

During the development of headspace gas chromatography (HSGC) method for assessing residual solvents in rosuvastatin calcium (RSV) drug substance, acetaldehyde (AA) was detected in obtained chromatograms, with a calculated concentration of up to 226 ppm. After a series of experiments, it was established that acetaldehyde originates from matrix interference due to direct degradation of Imp-C, which is accompanied by the formation of impurity at relative retention time (RRT) 2.18, without the involvement of impurity at RRT 2.31. The thermal instability of Imp-C also results in the formation of impurity at RRT 2.31 through dehydration and decarboxylation. In addition, cyclization reaction of degradant at RRT 2.18 further resulted in the generation of impurity at RRT 2.22. The structure of these three degradants, were confirmed by liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC-MS), 1D and 2D nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) measurement. In order to minimize the said matrix interference, a simple precipitation procedure was proposed as a pretreatment to mitigate the impact of Imp-C. Subsequently, an HSGC method was developed for the simultaneous determination of the degradant AA and the other five residual solvents used in RSV synthetic process. The final method was validated concerning precision, limit of detection (LOD) and limit of quantitation (LOQ), linearity, and accuracy.