Abstract
The elimination and detoxification of water contaminated with the principal commercial fungi-cides—thia- bendazole (Textar 60 T) and imazalil sulphate (Fruitgard IS 7.5)—used in the postharvest treatment of bananas was successfully achieved through the use of advanced oxidation processes (AOPs). The techniques tested were heterogeneous photocatalysis with TiO2 and TiO2-activated carbon (TiO2-CA) and Fenton and photo-Fenton processes. The evolution of fungicide concentration during degradation was studied together with mineralization and toxicity levels. When treated with any of the methods under study, the water meets the conditions stipulated by the legislation currently in force for its reuse in irrigation. However, this study proposes that the Fenton process is the best option for treatment of this type of water due to the efficiency of its reactions and its low economic cost.
Highlights
The water under study represents a typical wastewater obtained after bananas have been washed as part of their postharvest treatment
The elimination and detoxification of water contaminated with the principal commercial fungicides—thiabendazole (Textar 60 T) and imazalil sulphate (Fruitgard IS 7.5)—used in the postharvest treatment of bananas was successfully achieved through the use of advanced oxidation processes (AOPs)
The wastewater samples analysed in this study revealed concentrations of 25 - 30 mg·L–1 of thiabendazole and 10 15 mg·L–1 of imazalil sulphate
Summary
The water under study represents a typical wastewater obtained after bananas have been washed as part of their postharvest treatment. Among the most commonly used fungicide mixtures are those studied in this work which are thiabendazole-based or imazalil sulphate-based [1] This water contaminated with the postharvest fungicide is normally washed away into the sewage system. The various wastewater samples analysed for this study contained concentrations of between 10 and 15 mg·L–1 of imazalil sulphate or between 25 and 30 mg·L–1 of thiabendazole By law, this fungicide concentration must be removed before it is washed away into the sewer system. Because of the growing scarcity of the water resource in the Canary Islands as a result of overexploitation and contamination of the aquifers, the use of treated water for irrigation purposes is of particular interest For this to be possible, restrictions related to quality indicators such as BOD5, COD, nitrates, etc., must be complied with in addition to the required fungicide threshold concentrations [3]
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