Defining the Coseismic Phase of the Crustal Deformation Cycle With Seismogeodesy

Abstract

AbstractEarth's crustal deformation cycle is traditionally divided into coseismic, postseismic, and interseismic phases upon which transient motions from various sources may be superimposed. Here we present a new seismogeodetic methodology to define and identify the transition from the coseismic to the early postseismic phase. While this early period of postseismic deformation has not been well observed, it plays an important role in better understanding fault processes and crustal rheology because it is where the fastest evolution of fault slip occurs. Current methods often choose to rely on geodetic displacements with several hour to daily resolution to estimate static coseismic offsets. The choice of data span is often arbitrary and introduces some fraction of postseismic motion. Instead, we apply a more physics‐based approach that is applicable to interleaved regional networks of high‐rate Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS) and seismic sensors. The start time of the coseismic phase is based on P wave arrivals and its end time on the total release of energy derived from seismic velocities integrated from strong‐motion accelerations. In the absence of physical collocations, we interpolate the coseismic time window to the GNSS stations and estimate the static offsets from the high‐rate displacements. We demonstrate our methodology by applying it to 10 earthquakes over a range of magnitudes and fault mechanisms. We observe that the presence of early postseismic motions within the widely used estimates of daily coseismic offsets can lead to an overprediction of coseismic moment and fault slip, up to several meters depending on the magnitude and mechanism of the event.