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Defining evidential support for clinical effects in occupational therapy through Bayesian calibration of the paired samples t-test

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Purpose Heuristic effect size benchmarks for Cohen’s d, Hedges’ g, and p-values lack statistical and clinical grounding, producing misleading interpretations of within-subject occupational therapy (OT) research outcomes. This study aimed to recalibrate d, g, and p-value thresholds for paired samples t-tests using Bayesian posterior probabilities representing evidential support for a clinical effect. Materials and Methods Using JASP’s Bayesian Paired Samples t-test module, Bayes Factors (BF10) were iteratively derived across 67 sample sizes (N = 5–500) and converted to d/g thresholds corresponding to posterior probabilities of 50%, 75%, 90%, 95%, and 99%. Sensitivity analyses evaluated threshold stability across Cauchy prior scales. Two generalized additive models compared BF10 and p-values for predicting effect sizes using 100 published OT studies from the American Journal of Occupational Therapy. Results Recalibrated thresholds corrected small- and large-sample bias. BF10 predicted effect sizes more accurately than p-values (R 2 = 0.992 vs. 0.966; ΔAIC = 154.81). Thresholds were robust to prior specification. p-values near .05 consistently failed to achieve posterior probabilities of 75% or greater. Conclusions These recalibrated thresholds provide occupational therapists a principled, sample size-sensitive tool for interpreting within-subject outcomes probabilistically, offering a practical alternative to conventional heuristic benchmarks.

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State of the Journal, 2023
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The American Journal of Occupational Therapy (AJOT) has maintained its top-ranking status in the field of occupational therapy, as evidenced by an increase in its 2-yr impact factor. As the Editor-in-Chief enters her second 3-yr term, the journal faces both challenges and opportunities stemming from trends in academic publishing. The editorial team seeks to navigate these shifts while fostering meaningful research dissemination and translation. Key outcomes for 2023 showcase the journal’s dedication to addressing diverse occupational therapy needs. A special issue on autism and mental health in 2023 and upcoming themes on recovery after neurological injury and play in occupational therapy in 2024 exemplify AJOT’s commitment to relevant topics. The AJOT Authors & Issues interview series and an active presence on social media platforms further bolster research engagement and translation. Despite challenges, AJOT’s impact factor and rankings in the rehabilitation category have demonstrated its global influence and leadership. The journal’s commitment to diversity, equity, and inclusion (DEI) is evident through initiatives such as AJOT’s DEI Committee and DEI article collection, as well as AJOT’s comprehensive approach to combating bias. As AJOT looks ahead to 2024, its goals include reviving State of the Science articles, updating our Author Guidelines to incorporate artificial intelligence and bias-free language policies, and fostering engagement through the AJOT Instagram account and monthly AJOT Authors & Issues discussions. With its dedication to rigorous research and meaningful translation, AJOT remains a crucial resource for occupational therapy professionals striving to make evidence-based decisions.

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  • 10.1111/j.1440-1630.1987.tb01578.x
Guest Editorial
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Australian Occupational Therapy JournalVolume 34, Issue 3 p. 85-88 Free Access Guest Editorial Anne Cusick, Anne Cusick Associate EditorSearch for more papers by this author Anne Cusick, Anne Cusick Associate EditorSearch for more papers by this author First published: September 1987 https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1440-1630.1987.tb01578.xCitations: 14AboutPDF ToolsRequest permissionExport citationAdd to favoritesTrack citation ShareShare Give accessShare full text accessShare full-text accessPlease review our Terms and Conditions of Use and check box below to share full-text version of article.I have read and accept the Wiley Online Library Terms and Conditions of UseShareable LinkUse the link below to share a full-text version of this article with your friends and colleagues. Learn more.Copy URL Share a linkShare onFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditWechat References Conine, T. (1972). Dilemmas of research in occupational therapy. American Journal of Occupational Therapy, 26, 81– 84. Ottenbacher, K., and Short, M.A. (1982). Publication trends in occupational therapy. The Occupational Therapy Journal of Research, 2, 80– 88. West, W. (1976), Nationally speaking: research seminar. American Journal of Occupational Therapy, 30, 477– 478. Citing Literature Volume34, Issue3September 1987Pages 85-88 ReferencesRelatedInformation

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This review of the literature was conducted as part of the development of a position paper on the way ahead for research, education and practice in occupational therapy in mental health. It included publications over the past decade and concentrated on the British Journal of Occupational Therapy. Recognising that experience from other countries would be beneficial, aspects of the literature from the national journals in the USA, Canada and Australia which were most relevant to practice in the United Kingdom were included. The shortage of articles on mental health was conspicuous and their diverse topics and descriptive nature were notable. In the United Kingdom literature, the clinical subjects featured most often were dementia, work rehabilitation, community mental health and forensic psychiatry, with other subjects either appearing infrequently or not included. The literature from the other countries also explored new roles for occupational therapy, reflecting the changes in the delivery of mental health services. In the American Journal of Occupational Therapy, there was concern about the declining number of occupational therapists working in mental health. The review identified major themes in the literature, posed questions for research, education and practice in occupational therapy and formed the foundation for the position paper.

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Official Documents Available From the American Occupational Therapy Association.
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Official Document| Online November 17 2017 Official Documents Available From the American Occupational Therapy Association Author & Article Information Online Issn: 1943-7676 Print Issn: 0272-9490 Copyright © 2017 by the American Occupational Therapy Association, Inc.2017 The American Journal of Occupational Therapy, 2017, Vol. 71(Supplement_2), 7112410005p1–7112410005p2. https://doi.org/10.5014/ajot.2017.716SOffDoc Views Icon Views Article contents Figures & tables Video Audio Supplementary Data Peer Review Share Icon Share Twitter LinkedIn Tools Icon Tools Get Permissions Cite Icon Cite Search Site Citation Official Documents Available From the American Occupational Therapy Association. Am J Occup Ther November/December 2017, Vol. 71(Supplement_2), 7112410005p1–7112410005p2. doi: https://doi.org/10.5014/ajot.2017.716SOffDoc Download citation file: Ris (Zotero) Reference Manager EasyBib Bookends Mendeley Papers EndNote RefWorks BibTex toolbar search Search Dropdown Menu toolbar search search input Search input auto suggest filter your search All ContentThe American Journal of Occupational Therapy Search Advanced Search AOTA Taxonomy: official documents Keywords: american occupational therapy association, ethics, guidelines, personal satisfaction Official documents are documents “approved by the membership or other official body of the Association in conformance with applicable law, the Articles of Incorporation, or the Bylaws for the use of the Association and its membership” (AOTA, 2015). Items in bold are new for 2017 and are available in this supplement to the American Journal of Occupational Therapy. All official documents are printed in the Reference Manual of the Official Documents of the American Occupational Therapy Association, Inc. (22nd ed.; American Occupational Therapy Association, 2017). Articles of Incorporation (2013) Certificate of Incorporation (1917) Bylaws (2016) Glossary (2016) 2011 Accreditation Council for Occupational Therapy Education (ACOTE®) Standards A Descriptive Review of Occupational Therapy Education Scholarship in Occupational Therapy Enforcement Procedures for the Occupational Therapy Code of Ethics Occupational Therapy Code of Ethics (2015) Guidelines for Documentation of Occupational Therapy Guidelines for Occupational Therapy Services in Early... You do not currently have access to this content.

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Article| Online January 01 2010 Continuing Education Author & Article Information Online Issn: 1943-7676 Print Issn: 0272-9490 Copyright © 2010 by the American Occupational Therapy Association, Inc.2010 The American Journal of Occupational Therapy, 2010, Vol. 64(1), 204. https://doi.org/10.5014/ajot.64.1.204 Views Icon Views Article contents Figures & tables Video Audio Supplementary Data Share Icon Share Facebook Twitter LinkedIn Email Tools Icon Tools Get Permissions Cite Icon Cite Search Site Citation Continuing Education. Am J Occup Ther January/February 2010, Vol. 64(1), 204. doi: https://doi.org/10.5014/ajot.64.1.204 Download citation file: Ris (Zotero) Reference Manager EasyBib Bookends Mendeley Papers EndNote RefWorks BibTex toolbar search Search nav search search input Search input auto suggest search filter All ContentThe American Journal of Occupational Therapy Search Advanced Search AOTA Taxonomy: Education Keywords: brain injuries, case managers, child, children's depression rating scale, clients, clinical dementia rating scale, driver rehabilitation specialist, evidence-based practice, nurses, occupational therapists NEW! Occupational Therapy in Action: Using the Lens of the Occupational Therapy Practice Framework: Domain and Process, 2nd Edition. Susanne Smith Roley, MS, OTR/L, FAOTA, and Janet DeLany, DEd, OTR/L, FAOTA. Teaches the knowledge and evidence relevant to occupation and occupational therapy as presented in the Occupational Therapy Practice Framework: Domain and Process, 2nd Edition. Divided into four sections—Core Concepts, Evaluation, Intervention, and Outcomes—each of which includes specific learning activities. Also provides nearly 100 supplemental links to relevant articles. The Framework, 2nd Edition can be downloaded as part of the course content. Earn .6 AOTA CEU (6 NBCOT PDUs/6 contact hours). Order #OL32, $180 AOTA Members, $255 Nonmembers. Understanding the Assistive Technology Process to Promote School-Based Occupation. Beth Goodrich, MS, MEd, OTR, ATP; Lynn Gitlow, PhD, OTR/L, ATP; and Judith Schooner, MEd, OTR/L, ATP. Provides occupational therapy... Copyright © 2010 by the American Occupational Therapy Association, Inc.2010 You do not currently have access to this content.

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Official Document| Online November 01 2014 Official Documents Available From the American Occupational Therapy Association Author & Article Information Online Issn: 1943-7676 Print Issn: 0272-9490 Copyright © 2014 by the American Occupational Therapy Association, Inc.2014 The American Journal of Occupational Therapy, 2014, Vol. 68(Supplement_3), S1–S2. https://doi.org/10.5014/ajot.2014.686S01 Views Icon Views Article contents Figures & tables Video Audio Supplementary Data Share Icon Share Facebook Twitter LinkedIn Email Tools Icon Tools Get Permissions Cite Icon Cite Search Site Citation Official Documents Available From the American Occupational Therapy Association. Am J Occup Ther November/December 2014, Vol. 68(Supplement_3), S1–S2. doi: https://doi.org/10.5014/ajot.2014.686S01 Download citation file: Ris (Zotero) Reference Manager EasyBib Bookends Mendeley Papers EndNote RefWorks BibTex toolbar search Search nav search search input Search input auto suggest search filter All ContentThe American Journal of Occupational Therapy Search Advanced Search AOTA Taxonomy: official documents Keywords: american occupational therapy association, ethics, guidelines Official documents are documents constructed by the American Occupational Therapy Association and approved by the Association for the use of the Association and its membership. (This definition was adopted by the Representative Assembly during the 2006 online meeting.) Items in bold are new for 2014 and are available in this supplement to the American Journal of Occupational Therapy. All official documents are printed in the Reference Manual of the Official Documents of the American Occupational Therapy Association, Inc. (19th ed.; American Occupational Therapy Association, 2014). Articles of Incorporation (1976) Certificate of Incorporation (1917) Bylaws (2013) Glossary (2010) 2011 Accreditation Council for Occupational Therapy Education (ACOTE®) Standards A Descriptive Review of Occupational Therapy Education The Role of Occupational Therapy in Disaster Preparedness, Response, and Recovery: A Concept Paper Scholarship in Occupational Therapy Enforcement Procedures for the Occupational Therapy... Copyright © 2014 by the American Occupational Therapy Association, Inc.2014 You do not currently have access to this content.

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Occupational Therapy Education Research Agenda
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Article| Online September 01 2014 Occupational Therapy Education Research Agenda Author & Article Information Online Issn: 1943-7676 Print Issn: 0272-9490 Copyright © 2014 by the American Occupational Therapy Association, Inc.2014 The American Journal of Occupational Therapy, 2014, Vol. 68(Supplement_2), S83–S86. https://doi.org/10.5014/ajot.2014.685S06 Views Icon Views Article contents Figures & tables Video Audio Supplementary Data Share Icon Share Facebook Twitter LinkedIn Email Tools Icon Tools Get Permissions Cite Icon Cite Search Site Citation Occupational Therapy Education Research Agenda. Am J Occup Ther September/October 2014, Vol. 68(Supplement_2), S83–S86. doi: https://doi.org/10.5014/ajot.2014.685S06 Download citation file: Ris (Zotero) Reference Manager EasyBib Bookends Mendeley Papers EndNote RefWorks BibTex toolbar search Search nav search search input Search input auto suggest search filter All ContentThe American Journal of Occupational Therapy Search Advanced Search Keywords: agenda, occupational therapists The Occupational Therapy Education Research Agenda identifies six major research goals and priorities for occupational therapy education. It is intended to complement the Occupational Therapy Research Agenda (American Occupational Therapy Associationi, 2011), which identifies five research priorities of the profession as a whole: (1) assessment/measurement, (2) intervention research, (3) basic research, (4) translational research, and (5) health services research. The education research agenda itself is organized into six categories to drive research activity: (1) theory building, (2) pedagogy, (3) instructional methods, (4) learner characteristics and competencies, (5) socialization to the profession, and (6) faculty development and resources. The Appendix lists the research priorities and sample research questions that exemplify the type of research activity that is pertinent for the Occupational Therapy Education Research Agenda. Theory building research seeks to develop broad philosophies and theories to support learning... Copyright © 2014 by the American Occupational Therapy Association, Inc.2014 You do not currently have access to this content.

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Official Document| Online December 23 2020 Official Documents Available From the American Occupational Therapy Association Author & Article Information Online Issn: 1943-7676 Print Issn: 0272-9490 Copyright © 2020 by the American Occupational Therapy Association, Inc.2020 The American Journal of Occupational Therapy, 2020, Vol. 74(Supplement_3), 7413410003p1–7413410003p3. https://doi.org/10.5014/ajot.2017.74S3offdoc Views Icon Views Article contents Figures & tables Video Audio Supplementary Data Peer Review Share Icon Share Facebook Twitter LinkedIn MailTo Tools Icon Tools Get Permissions Cite Icon Cite Search Site Citation Official Documents Available From the American Occupational Therapy Association. Am J Occup Ther November/December 2020, Vol. 74(Supplement_3), 7413410003p1–7413410003p3. doi: https://doi.org/10.5014/ajot.2017.74S3offdoc Download citation file: Ris (Zotero) Reference Manager EasyBib Bookends Mendeley Papers EndNote RefWorks BibTex toolbar search Search Dropdown Menu toolbar search search input Search input auto suggest filter your search All ContentThe American Journal of Occupational Therapy Search Advanced Search AOTA Taxonomy: official documents Keywords: american occupational therapy association, ethics, guidelines, personal satisfaction Official documents are documents “approved by the membership or other official body of the Association in conformance with applicable law, the Articles of Incorporation, or the Bylaws for the use of the Association and its membership” (AOTA, 2019, p. 20). Items in bold are new for 2020 and are available in this supplement to the American Journal of Occupational Therapy (AJOT), unless otherwise noted. All official documents are printed in the Reference Manual of the Official Documents of the American Occupational Therapy Association, Inc. Official documents are periodically reviewed, and documents more than 5 years old may be superseded by newer versions or rescinded. A complete list of the most current documents is available at https://www.aota.org/practice/manage/official.aspx. Articles of Incorporation (2013) Certificate of Incorporation (1917) Bylaws (2016) Glossary (2016) 2018 Accreditation Council for Occupational Therapy Education (ACOTE®) Standards and Interpretive Guide (effective July 31, 2020) A... You do not currently have access to this content.

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Disability Studies and Occupational Therapy: Renewing the Call for Change.
  • Jul 7, 2021
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  • Elizabeth A Harrison + 6 more

Disability studies (DS) is an interdisciplinary field grounded in a minority studies philosophy that approaches disability as a socially constructed phenomenon. The first special issue of the American Journal of Occupational Therapy on DS was published in 2005. The present issue serves as a follow-up to highlight opportunities for and examples of DS integration into occupational therapy education, research, and practice. Studies in this special issue reflect a DS approach to research that prioritizes lived experiences, critical approaches, and participatory methodologies. Reported interventions focus on changing societal barriers rather than remediating individual impairments and acknowledge instrumental activities of daily living often neglected by traditional research. Studies on educational practices in occupational therapy have found persistent issues around negative attitudes toward disability and many opportunities to better infuse disabilities studies into curricula. Revisiting DS as it applies to occupational therapy has shown that many of the issues and considerations raised in 2005 remain in the field today. Recommendations across articles in this special issue highlight that advocacy and working for broader social change are essential for occupational therapy practitioners, given ongoing occupational injustices for people with disabilities. Infusing DS ideas into occupational therapy can promote greater alignment with priorities of disability communities and spur professional change to dismantle oppressive structures and ideologies.

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The American Journal of Occupational Therapy (AJOT) retains its ranking as the top-rated occupational therapy journal in North America by maintaining its commitment to publishing high-quality research aimed at occupational therapy professionals. As the needs and scope of the profession continue to expand, AJOT will continue to serve as a resource to practitioners, academics, and administrators to help guide best practices. Communication and engagement with readers will be facilitated through the new AJOT website as well as the new AJOT: Authors and Issues series. The journal seeks to expand its scope through its website, manuscript submission platform, and new ways to engage readers.

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