Abstract
In the presented work, for the first time, the metal-modified defective titanium(IV) oxide nanoparticles with well-defined titanium vacancies, was successfully obtained. Introducing platinum and copper nanoparticles (NPs) as surface modifiers of defective d-TiO2 significantly increased the photocatalytic activity in both UV-Vis and Vis light ranges. Moreover, metal NPs deposition on the magnetic core allowed for the effective separation and reuse of the nanometer-sized photocatalyst from the suspension after the treatment process. The obtained Fe3O4@SiO2/d-TiO2-Pt/Cu photocatalysts were characterized by X-ray diffractometry (XRD) and specific surface area (BET) measurements, UV-Vis diffuse reflectance spectroscopy (DR-UV/Vis), X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). Further, the mechanism of phenol degradation and the role of four oxidative species (h+, e−, •OH, and •O2−) in the studied photocatalytic process were investigated.
Highlights
In recent years, among wastewater treatment and environmental remediation technologies, photocatalysis has gained attention as a promising technique for the degradation of persistent organic pollutants at ambient temperature and pressure [1,2,3,4]
The X-ray diffractometry (XRD) analysis of Fe3O4@SiO2/d-TiO2-Pt/Cu confirmed the formation of a magnetic composite, and, as observed in Figure 3 and Table 4, there was no significant difference between the diffraction patterns of the obtained magnetic photocatalysts modified with Pt/Cu NPs
The XRD analysis of Fe3 O4 @SiO2 /d-TiO2 -Pt/Cu confirmed the formation of a magnetic composite, and, as observed in Figure 3 and Table 4, there was no significant difference between the diffraction patterns of the obtained magnetic photocatalysts modified with Pt/Cu NPs
Summary
Among wastewater treatment and environmental remediation technologies, photocatalysis has gained attention as a promising technique for the degradation of persistent organic pollutants at ambient temperature and pressure [1,2,3,4]. Despite different morphology and polymorphic composition, all pristine titanium(IV) oxide particles own wide bandgap energy (Eg), which differs in the range of 3.0–3.2 eV, for rutile and anatase, respectively [7] In this regard, TiO2 photoexcitation is possible only with UV irradiation (λ < 388 nm), and the application of solar radiation is highly limited. In the literature, there is a lack of complex researches on the correlation between structural defects and TiO2 modification with different materials (metal nanoparticles or other oxides) In this regard, deeply characterized defective d-TiO2 with stable titanium vacancies, obtained by a simple hydrothermal method was further modified with Pt and Cu nanoparticles as well as deposited on the magnetite core. The mechanism of phenol degradation and the role of four oxidative species (h+ , e− , OH, and O2 − ) in the studied photocatalytic process were investigated
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