Abstract
Patients with odontogenic cysts and tumors may have to undergo serious surgery unless the lesion is properly detected at the early stage. The purpose of this study is to evaluate the diagnostic performance of the real-time object detecting deep convolutional neural network You Only Look Once (YOLO) v2—a deep learning algorithm that can both detect and classify an object at the same time—on panoramic radiographs. In this study, 1602 lesions on panoramic radiographs taken from 2010 to 2019 at Yonsei University Dental Hospital were selected as a database. Images were classified and labeled into four categories: dentigerous cysts, odontogenic keratocyst, ameloblastoma, and no lesion. Comparative analysis among three groups (YOLO, oral and maxillofacial surgeons, and general practitioners) was done in terms of precision, recall, accuracy, and F1 score. While YOLO ranked highest among the three groups (precision = 0.707, recall = 0.680), the performance differences between the machine and clinicians were statistically insignificant. The results of this study indicate the usefulness of auto-detecting convolutional networks in certain pathology detection and thus morbidity prevention in the field of oral and maxillofacial surgery.
Highlights
The cysts and tumors of the jawbone are usually painless and asymptomatic unless they grow so large as to involve the entire jawbone, causing noticeable swelling or weakening it to cause pathologic fractures [1,2]
A carcinomatous change of benign jaw lesions has been described in the literature [5,6]
Diagnosis is the only option to ensure healthy years of life [8,9]. The majority of these lesions can be identified at an earlier stage in dental clinics through a routine radiographic exam called panoramic radiograph, or orthopantomogram [10]
Summary
The cysts and tumors of the jawbone are usually painless and asymptomatic unless they grow so large as to involve the entire jawbone, causing noticeable swelling or weakening it to cause pathologic fractures [1,2] Such late-stage radical surgery, involving ablation and reconstruction accompanying bone grafts and free flaps, drastically affects patients’ lives, causing facial deformity and subsequent social and emotional incompetence [3,4]. Diagnosis is the only option to ensure healthy years of life [8,9] The majority of these lesions can be identified at an earlier stage in dental clinics through a routine radiographic exam called panoramic radiograph, or orthopantomogram [10]. Accurate interpretation requires training and can be challenging even for experienced professionals, which is mainly due to the process of panoramic radiography itself, whereby the image is captured by a sensor/plate that rotates around the patient’s head, causing superimposition of all the bony structures of the facial skeleton [11,12]
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