Abstract
In this study, a deep neural network (DNN) is implemented to soft computation of the dual-band circularly polarized bone-shaped patch antenna (BSPA) at 28 GHz and 38 GHz for 5G applications. Via a simulated database of 150 BSPAs, a DNN model is constructed on a 5-layer system using an adaptive learning rate algorithm. The framework and hyper-parameters of the DNN model are optimized in the training phase of a hybrid algorithm combining strengths of both particle swarm optimization (PSO) and a modified version of the gravitational search algorithm (MGSA-PSO). To generate the database for training and testing the model, 150 BSPAs with different geometrical are simulated in terms of the resonant frequency using a precise electromagnetic analysis platform. A fabricated BSPA operating at 28 GHz and 38 GHz is used to test and verify the DNN model. Then, the application of DNN with back-propagation algorithm and weighted MGSA-PSO algorithm is used for beam-steering the main beam pattern of the designed uniform circular antenna array with side-lobe level <= −30 dB by estimating the appropriate feeding phases of the 16 elements. Several illustrative examples are placed to beam-steer the pattern in the desired direction to check the validity of the technique.
Highlights
The demand for increased capacity in mobile and personal communications systems in addition to other modern applications such as satellite and, multi-input multioutput (MIMO) networks, biomedical imaging, remote sensing, radio astronomy, and radar, have motivated researchers towards the development of algorithms and standards that exploit space selectivity [1]
ANTENNA DESIGN The authors in this work presents for the first time a design for the antenna called Bone-Shaped Patch Antenna (BSPA) that consists of several parts, each part is considered for a specific function
The results revealed to its effect on the antenna realized gain as presented in Fig. 7b, whereas, the larger DGS oval shape area leads to higher realized gain value at the operating frequencies
Summary
The demand for increased capacity in mobile and personal communications systems in addition to other modern applications such as satellite and, multi-input multioutput (MIMO) networks, biomedical imaging, remote sensing, radio astronomy, and radar, have motivated researchers towards the development of algorithms and standards that exploit space selectivity [1] In this regard, one pertinent problem is finding antenna rotation for desired beam direction. There are many efforts on the design of phased antenna array systems that play an important role in shaping and scanning the radiation pattern and constraining the adaptive algorithm used by the digital signal processor These methods of beam steering based on controlling the phase values, the excitation amplitudes only, and both amplitudes and phases have been extensively considered in the literature [4,5,6,7,8].
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