Abstract
BackgroundCarbon monoxide (CO) is one of the primary components of emissions from light-duty vehicles, and reportedly comprises 77% of all pollutants emitted in terms of concentration. Exposure to CO aggravates cardiovascular disease and causes other health disorders. The study was aimed to assess the negative effects by injecting different amounts of CO concentration directly to human volunteers boarding in the car.MethodsHuman volunteers were exposed to CO concentrations of 0, 33.2, and 72.4 ppm, respectively during the first test and 0, 30.3, and 48.8 ppm respectively during the second test while seated in the car. The volunteers were exposed to each concentration for approximately 45 min. After exposure, blood pressure measurement, blood collection (carboxyhemoglobin [COHb] analysis), medical interview, echocardiography test, and cognitive reaction test were performed.ResultIn patients who were exposed to a mean concentration of CO for 72.4 ± 1.4 ppm during the first exposure test and 48.8 ± 3.7 ppm during the second exposure test, the COHb level exceeded 2%. Moreover, the diastolic blood pressure was decreased while increasing in CO concentration after exposure. The medical interview findings showed that the degree of fatigue was increased and the degree of concentration was reduced when the exposed concentration of CO was increased.ConclusionAlthough the study had a limited sample size, we found that even a low concentration of CO flowing into a car could have a negative influence on human health, such as change of blood pressure and degree of fatigue.
Highlights
Carbon monoxide (CO) is one of the primary components of emissions from light-duty vehicles, and reportedly comprises 77% of all pollutants emitted in terms of concentration
Only a few studies have assessed the impact of low levels of CO exposure on health, the results have reported on its relationship with cardiovascular disease [29,30,31,32,33]
The participant’s characteristics are listed in Table 2. 23 participants were involved in the first test and 20 were involved in the second test; 14 participants were involved in both tests
Summary
Carbon monoxide (CO) is one of the primary components of emissions from light-duty vehicles, and reportedly comprises 77% of all pollutants emitted in terms of concentration. There has been a marked increase in the volume of road traffic worldwide over the last 20 years; the long-term exposure of people to the pollutants emitted from these vehicles has had a negative effect on health [1,2,3,4]. Exposure to CO for a long duration can increase mortality, aggravate cardiovascular disease, and cause other health problems [26,27,28]. Only a few studies have assessed the impact of low levels of CO exposure on health, the results have reported on its relationship with cardiovascular disease [29,30,31,32,33]. We assessed the health effects of exposure to different concentrations of CO on human volunteers inside a car
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