Abstract
Six species of <i>Magnolia</i> L., growing in the Botanical Garden of the Maria Curie-Skłodowska University in Lublin which is located on the north-western outskirts of the city of Lublin, were studied during the period 2006-2008. The aim of this study was to determine the dynamics of leaf and flower development in these <i>Magnolia</i> species under the climatic and soil conditions of Lublin as well as to evaluate the size of their leaves and long shoots. The present study included the following species: <i>M. acuminata</i> L.,<i> M. kobus</i> DC, <i>M. liliiflora</i> Desr., <i>M. salicifolia</i> Siebold et Zuch, <i>M</i>. x <i>soulangiana</i> Soul.- -Bod., and <i>M. tripetala</i> L. The magnolia trees were planted in 1968-1989 on grey-brown podzolic soil derived from loess. The study area is affected by the continental climate which is characterized by large annual amplitude of temperatures, long summers as well as long and cold winters. The long-term average annual air temperature for this region is 8.1<sup>o</sup>C, while the long-term average annual rainfall reaches 541.6 mm. The obtained results showed that, among the <i>Magnolia</i> species studied, <i>M. salicifolia</i> flowered earliest under the climatic and soil conditions of Lublin, while <i>M. tripetala</i> was the last to bloom. Full leaf development, on average for the study period, was recorded earliest in <i>M. salicifolia</i> and <i>M. liliiflora</i>, whereas it occurred latest in <i>M. tripetala</i>. The leaves of <i>M. tripetala</i> were characterized by the greatest length and width, while the smallest leaves were recorded in <i>M. kobus</i>. <i>M. liliiflora</i> was found to show the smallest annual shoot increments and the lowest number of leaves.
Highlights
The genus Magnolia includes about 80 tree and shrub species growing in the wild in the eastern part of North America and in south-eastern Asia (Callaway, 1994; Czekalski, 2007)
According to the climatic regionalization used for the selection of ornamental trees and shrubs in Poland, the Lublin Upland is situated in the eastern zone (III) that provides less favourable conditions for growing magnolias (Czekalski, 2007)
The present study showed that, in the urban agglomeration of Lublin, full foliage development occurred latest in M. tripetala – on average around 1 June
Summary
The genus Magnolia includes about 80 tree and shrub species growing in the wild in the eastern part of North America and in south-eastern Asia (Callaway , 1994; Czekalski , 2007). In this group, there are both low trees and shrubs growing up to a height of 60 m which produce impressive flowers from early spring until mid-summer (Weaver , 1987; Matysiak , 2002). Yasukawa et al (1992) draw attention to the importance of magnolia flowers in the biology of pollinating insects, whereas Callaway (1994) reports that magnolia fruits can be food for numerous animal species. The reports of L i u (2008) and Zhenhong (2011) confirm the usefulness of essential oils obtained from various Magnolia species in pharmacology and aromatherapy
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