Abstract
Decontaminating leaf samples from crops sprayed with pesticides and nutrient solutions is important for foliar analysis. This study evaluated the effect of different washing methods in coffee and sorghum foliage that had been sprayed with zinc (with or without surfactant). The plants were sprayed with a 3 g L-1 zinc sulfate solution, with and without surfactant. Seven days later, leaves were collected and washed. The experiment was completely randomized in a 2 x 2 x 3 + 2 factorial, with three replications. The first factor represents foliar zinc applications with or without surfactant, the second represents the number of washes (1 or 2) and the third represents the concentration of the wash solution (detergent + hydrochloric acid) at (0 + 0 mL L-1; 1.0 + 3.5 mL L-1 and 2.0 + 7.0 mL L-1). The last one represents two additional treatments without washing (zinc sprayed with and without surfactant). Surfactant strengthens contact between zinc and foliage and enhances absorption. Washing is an indispensable pretreatment for leaf analysis and our study showed that a single wash with detergent + hydrochloric acid (1.0+ 3.5 mL L-1) was the most effective washing method for coffee and sorghum.
Highlights
Brazilian soils generally lack zinc and require applications of this mineral to maximize productivity (Pozza et al, 2009)
Foliar fertilization is possible because plants are capable of absorbing nutrient solutions directly from the leaf surface, and is an effective and economical way to deal with micronutrient deficiencies in coffee and sorghum (Volkweiss, 1991; Boaretto and Rosolem, 1989)
The treatments were: (2) leaves sprayed with zinc in the presence and absence of surfactant, (2) one and two washes and (3) concentrations of detergent + hydrochloric acid (0 + 0 mL L-1; 1.0 + 3.5 mL L-1 and 2.0 + 7.0 mL L-1), and two additional treatments without rinsing
Summary
Decontaminating leaf samples from crops sprayed with pesticides and nutrient solutions is important for foliar analysis. This study evaluated the effect of different washing methods in coffee and sorghum foliage that had been sprayed with zinc (with or without surfactant). The first factor represents foliar zinc applications with or without surfactant, the second represents the number of washes (1 or 2) and the third represents the concentration of the wash solution (detergent + hydrochloric acid) at (0 + 0 mL L-1; 1.0 + 3.5 mL L-1 and 2.0 + 7.0 mL L-1). Washing is an indispensable pretreatment for leaf analysis and our study showed that a single wash with detergent + hydrochloric acid (1.0 + 3.5 mL L-1) was the most effective washing method for coffee and sorghum. El lavado es un tratamiento previo indispensable para el análisis foliar, y nuestro estudio mostró que un solo lavado con detergente + ácido clorhídrico ( 1,0 + 3,5 mL L-1) fue el método de lavado más eficaz para el café y el sorgo. Palabras clave: fertilizante foliar, métodos de lavado de hoja, descontaminación de muestras, análisis foliar
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