Decomposing the reversal effect: Exploring low-to-price and other indicators

The recently discovered reversible strain effect in Y–Ba–Cu–O (YBCO) coated conductorscontrasts with the general understanding that the effect of strain on the critical-current densityJc in practical high-temperature superconductors is determined only bycrack formation in the ceramic component. Instead of having a constantJc as a function of strain before an irreversible drop when cracks form in the superconductor,Jc in YBCO coated conductors can decrease or increase reversibly with strain over asignificant strain range up to an irreversible strain limit. This reversible effect is present insamples fabricated either with rolling-assisted biaxially textured Ni–W substrates orwith ion-beam-assisted deposition on Hastalloy substrates. The reversibility ofJc with strain is observed for thin as well as thick YBCO films, and at two very differenttemperatures (76 and 4 K). The reversible effect is dependent on temperature and magnetic field,thus indicating its intrinsic nature. We also report an enhancement of the irreversible strain limitεirr where the reversible strain effect ends and YBCO cracking starts. The value ofεirr increases from about 0.4% to more than 0.5% when YBCO coated conductors arefabricated with an additional Cu protection layer.

Stability analysis of reversible reactive flow displacements in porous media

The normal and reverse Perlin effect is usually explained by the redistribution of electron density produced by hyperconjugative mechanisms, which increases the electron population within axial or equatorial proton in normal or reverse effect, respectively. Here an alternative explanation for the Perlin effect is presented on the basis of the topology of the induced current density, which directly determines the nuclear magnetic shielding. Current densities around the C-H bond critical point and intra-atomic and interatomic contributions to the magnetic shielding explain the observed Perlin effect. The balance between intra-atomic and interatomic contributions determines the difference in the total atomic shielding. Normal Perlin effect is dominated by intra-atomic part, whereas reverse effect is dominated by interatomic contribution.

The receptor tyrosine kinase c-KIT is expressed in embryonic stem cells (ESCs) and adult stem cells, and many functional studies have demonstrated the importance of the SCF/KIT signaling pathway in adult stem cell maintenance. In this study, we show that a high level of KIT expression in wild-type ESCs correlates with an enhanced self-renewal and that inhibition of KIT signaling in ESCs for extended periods of time has a cumulative but reversible effect on self-renewal. Together these data suggest that continued KIT signaling in some cells within a self-renewing ESC population is required for optimal ESC function. Using a KIT blocking antibody, we recapitulated the phenotype we previously reported for genetically deficient KIT-null cells, demonstrating that SCF/KIT signaling is essential for the survival of differentiating ESCs. Here we show that this phenotype is also reversible. Pharmacological inhibition of JNK also had a cumulative but reversible detrimental effect on the survival of differentiating cells, thus recapitulating the Kit null phenotype and implicating JNK as a downstream mediator of KIT signaling. In contrast, the self-renewal of ESCs was unaffected by prolonged exposure to the JNK inhibitor, suggesting that JNK-independent downstream pathways are involved in KIT-mediated ESC self-renewal whereas KIT-mediated survival of differentiating ESC is likely to be JNK dependent.

This study aims to investigate control strategies for the bullwhip effect based on a dynamic model of the linear supply chain, proposed by Helbing and Lammer (2005), which describes the inventory dynamics and production rates of productive units. We simulated the model for instability and stability conditions defined by mathematical analysis. Through these results, we verified both classical and reverse bullwhip effects associated with instability and stability conditions, respectively. The model revealed a duality once the control strategy proposed by Helbing and Lamer (2005) for the classical bullwhip effect ends up causing a reverse effect, which is equally troubling. In the reverse bullwhip effect, we observed amplification of the production rates in the network chains from the supplier to the customer in a way that the upstream chain was not able to meet the needs of the downstream chain. To withhold both effects, we suggest the dynamic control of the parameters that describe the network based on Helbing and Lammer (2005) model.

To clarify the effects of humidity during heating on the physical properties of hydrothermally treated wood, Sitka spruce wood was heated in an autoclave at 120 °C and different heating humidity (HRH), and their equilibrium moisture content (EMC), specific dynamic Young’s modulus (E′/ρ), and mechanical loss tangent (tanδ) were measured at 25 °C and 60 % RH prior to and after the hydrothermal treatment. Higher values of HRH resulted in greater loss in weight (WL) because of the acceleration of thermal degradation in the presence of moisture. The time–humidity superposition was applicable to the changes in WL. The EMC was minimized by heating at intermediate HRH (60 %), but it recovered significantly after the wood was moistened at 100 % RH. This fact suggested that the reduction in hygroscopicity due to hydrothermal treatment included both reversible and irreversible effects. The reversible effect was not observed when the wood was heated at 92 % HRH or above. After the moistening, the EMC value of hydrothermally treated wood decreased monotonically with increasing HRH and WL. An irreversible chemical change such as decomposition of hemicelluloses was responsible for the irreversible effect, whereas the reversible effect may have resulted from the annealing of amorphous wood polymers. After hydrothermal treatment at 80 % HRH or lower, E′/ρ increased and tanδ decreased mainly because of the reduction in EMC. On the other hand, high-humidity heating (92 % HRH) resulted in significant decrease in E′/ρ and remarkable increase in tanδ probably because of the depolymerization of hemicelluloses. The color of wood was darkened by the hydrothermal treatment, and the CIELAB color parameters of hydrothermally treated wood were closely connected to the WL.

In this presentation, the irreversible capacity loss is determined by two strategies during shallow cycling of commercial Li-Ion cells at different average SOCs. According to the findings, superimposed reversible capacity effects lead to the need for a more complex evaluation of capacity (10.1016/j.est.2018.06.003). Reversible effects are split into contributions of the anode overhang (geometrical oversized anode) and into the homogeneity of lithium distribution (HLD) in the electrodes. The anode overhang leads to migration of lithium ions from or to the active anode leading to a superimposed decrease or even an increase in extractable capacity. The SOC before testing and the average SOC during testing define the direction of lithium migration. The HLD is a method to measure the uniformity of SOC distribution of the particles within the electrodes e.g. during a discharge process. One way to qualify HLD is by evaluating peak heights in differential voltage analysis (10.1016/j.jpowsour.2017.09.059). Hence, for a higher SOC spread within the electrodes, a lower HLD is obtained. One example is given in figure Relaxation1. The cycle life test is followed by an additional rest period to recover extractable capacity, which is referred to as ‘relaxation method’ in the following. During this rest period, a certain superimposed calendar aging has to be considered. Here, two corner cases are studied by storing the cells at a fixed low and the same SOC as during cycling test. While the contribution of solely HLD can be obtained by storing the lithium ion cells at the same average SOC as during cycling, the contribution of the anode overhang is evaluated for a defined low SOC. In this presentation, both SOC strategies are examined. During the storage phase in all test cases, the capacity rises supporting the theory considering reversible capacity (see example in figure Relaxation2). Additionally, the HLD, measured via capacity difference analysis and differential capacity analysis, rises as well; this is found for all test conditions highlighting the reversible nature of HLD and its impact on extractable capacity. Furthermore, the irreversible capacity losses are compared to an alternative method, called ‘slope method’. For this method, the aging is assumed to be nearly linear and the linear-like part, after the impact of the anode overhang is negligible, is mainly associated with irreversible aging. While the results of both methods are in the same order of magnitude, the relaxation method can be utilized, not only for static but also for any dynamic aging profile. The findings are very important regarding application oriented testing like dynamic driving profiles for electric vehicles (EV). To accelerate the measurement time, non-operation periods are deleted and applied currents and temperatures are increased. This leads to more inhomogeneities within the cell and therefore to less extractable capacities. The relaxation method helps to distinguish the acceleration-induced inhomogeneities (HLD) and the accompanying effects from the anode overhang. This enhances the accuracy of lifetime prediction as only the irreversible losses are included in aging models and reversible effects are included in a separate step. Figure 1

It has been demonstrated recently that when a reversion of the strain is applied during the hot working of a Nb-microalloyed steel, the subsequent static recrystallization kinetics is significantly affected. However, depending on the magnitude of the reversion, the static softening kinetics can be accelerated or delayed. This relates to the substructure dissolution taking place by the effect of the reversal. In the present work, new microstructural results obtained by EBSD on an austenitic stainless steel hot deformed by torsion is used to explain better the observed effect of the reversion of the strain.

Individuals with brain damage often encounter visual perceptual and visuo-motor difficulties. Studies have indicated an improvement in exceptional individuals' performances when the colors of figure-ground materials were reversed. Effects of reversals were studied for spastic cerebral palsied and normal children's scores on the Developmental Test of Visual-motor Integration and the Motor-free Visual Perception Test. Normal children performed better than the cerebral palsied children on all tests; the cerebral palsied children performed best on the reversed-format Motor-free Visual Perception Test. Reversal affected neither group's scores on visual-motor integration.

Against the backdrop that traditional asset pricing models fail to adequately explain the equity premium puzzle, this paper explores the reasons for the stock premium from the momentum effect and reversal effect in behavioral finance. Through the research of stock premium, this paper attempts to put forward suggestions for enhancing market efficiency and reducing irrational behaviors in the market. Based on the theoretical basis of momentum effect and reversal effect, this paper takes the Chinese stock market and the US stock market as the research objects, and focuses on analyzing the performances of the stock markets in the two countries. The research findings show that: in the short term, the Momentum Effect has a significant impact on stock premium. In the long term, the Reversal Effect has a significant impact on stock premium. This study also explores the influencing factors of the Momentum Effect and the Reversal Effect. Moreover, under the influence of the Momentum Effect and the Reversal Effect, the efficiency of the financial market will be reduced. The conclusions of this study can effectively demonstrate the role of irrational behaviors in the stock market, providing a practical basis for improving the efficiency of the financial market.

This study investigates the momentum and reversal effects in China's real estate and pharmaceutical industries using monthly stock return data from 2004 to 2024. The results show very different market behaviors: the real estate industry shows a short-term reversal effect and a long-term reversal effect that is not remarkable for momentum or inversion effects, whereas the pharmaceutical industry shows a long- and short-term significant reversal effect and a medium-term inconspicuous momentum effect. This study uses monthly data to investigate the cyclical performance of different industries in China's stock market, focusing on the distinct behaviors of stocks in the pharmaceutical and real estate sectors regarding momentum and reversal effects, and provides possible influencing mechanisms. This paper offers new and interesting evidence from a micro perspective to observe the connection between momentum and reversal effects in China's stock market and industry cycles.

Reduction ratio is one of the most important parameters that affect final bonding strength of laminated composites fabricated by hot rolling. In general, the bonding strength increases with the reduction ratio. However, it was found that the reduction ratio had a reverse effect on the bonding strength of the 7075 Al/AZ31B Mg/7075 Al laminated composites prepared by hot rolling. Microstructure, elements distribution, and phase constitution in the bonded interface of the laminated composites at different reduction ratios were investigated, and the hot rolling process was simulated by finite element methods (FEM). The results show that a larger reduction ratio would lead to: a wider of diffusion layer with a relatively lower strength; a larger secondary tensile stress; and a larger relative slipping distance after the formation of the bonded interface. All of them induced the reverse effect.

ABSTRACTPrevious studies of nest-site selection on a fine scale may reveal limiting resources within habitat types. The red-billed leiothrix (Leiothrix lutea Scopoli, 1786) is a common bird species that lives in the subtropical forests of Asia. Despite many reports of this species from introduced populations, little information has been obtained from its native range. From 2011 to 2013, we studied nest-site selection of red-billed leiothrix at micro-scales in Daweishan Nature Reserve, Hunan Province, central China. A total of 363 nests were found in five vegetation types. We measured the habitat variables and constructed nest-site selection models for nests found in the forest and scrub-grassland. Among the 18 variables measured in the forest, six variables were selected to construct the nest-site selection model: distance to forest edge (DTE), distance to water (DTW), vegetation comprehensive coverage, tree coverage, bamboo coverage and shrub height. According to Akaike’s information criterion, the best model consisted of five of these variables (excluding vegetation comprehensive coverage), and distance to forest edge, distance to water, tree coverage and bamboo coverage had negative effects on nest-site selection. In scrub-grassland, the DTE, DTW, and bush coverage (BUC) were selected from the 13 variables measured, and, accordingly, the best model consisted of DTE and BUC. Model averaging suggested that BUC had a positive effect on nest-site selection. In contrast, DTE has a reverse effect. In addition, DTE differed significantly between successful and failed nests in forest and scrub-grassland. More successful nests were found near the forest edge. Taken together, these findings emphasise the power of fine-scale habitat selection models in identifying relevant habitat variables with a significant effect on preferred habitat and eventually, breeding success.

Nonmonotonic two-way shape memory in titanium nickelide

Rationale/Purpose The purpose of this study is to develop and test a parsimonious model of brand equity reverse transfer, where the reputations of sponsoring brands influence the brand of a sponsored sports enterprise. Design/methodology/approach Building on associative network theory and the Elaboration Likelihood Model, this paper utilizes an experimental design to examine how the brand equity of a sponsorship roster influences perceived prestige and ultimately the brand equity of the National Hockey League (NHL). Domain involvement acts as a moderator. Findings Sequential path analysis supports the model’s proposed relationships in that sponsoring brands positively influence the perceived prestige of the sponsored property, which directly affects the brand equity of sponsored property. Involvement in hockey amplifies this reverse transfer effect. Practical implications While the numerous brands simultaneously engaged in sports sponsorship can be a source of clutter, these associations offer opportunities for sponsored enterprises to proactively manage their own brand equity. Research contribution Although the predominant sponsorship perspective in the literature has been that of sponsoring brands, the supported model raises the prospect that brand equity transfer is not unidirectional and a reverse effect applies in the wider portfolio context seen in practice.