Abstract
Turqoise blue (Remazol Blue BB) is a type of common dye which is constantly discharged from industriesinto the water bodies without proper treatment. This dye could affect aquatic and human life due to itstoxicity. Existing methods to overcome this issue are too expensive and not eco-friendly. Alternatively, thisstudy was conducted by immobilizing Penicillium sp. into sodium-alginate-sulfate beads (IC) to decolorizethe turquoise blue dye at 10 ppm. The percentage of dye decolourization, Chemical Oxygen Demand (COD)removal and laccase of IC and free cells were analysed throughout this study. IC successfully decolourizeddyes up to 72.83%, meanwhile, free cells could only decolourized dyes up to 56.59%. In addition, CODremoval by IC cell is 31.92% higher compared to free cell. For laccase activity, IC is higher compared tofree cells up to 30%. Based on higher decolourization, enzymatic activity and COD removal, IC has apotential to be an alternative to decolourize dyes better than free cells.
 Keywords: immobilized cells, free cells, decolourization, dyes, laccase
Highlights
It is reported about 10,000 types of dyes are produced worldwide with over 7x105 ton were used
Immobilized cell recorded the highest percentage of colour removal compared to the free cell in day 1 at 43.11% and 34.09% respectively
Penicillium sp. was successfully immobilized in sodium-alginate-sulfate-beads to be used as decolourizers
Summary
It is reported about 10,000 types of dyes are produced worldwide with over 7x105 ton were used. 10% of this amount were frequently being discharged into water bodies are not treated (Nasir et al, 2013). This prolonged habit will affect the environment and cause harm towards aquatic plants and animals (Chen et al, 2003). Reactive dyes such as turquoise blue dye (Remazol Blue BB) is widely used (Joshi et al, 2013) This is due to the cost effectiveness in synthesis compared to natural dyes. This feature makes them to be first recognized when discharged into the water bodies. Bioremediation offers an environmentally friendly, safe and cost effective by absorbing and degrading the dyes without causing harm towards the ecosystem
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