Abstract
A total of twenty endophytic fungi successfully isolated from Melastoma malabathricum (Senduduk) were examined for their ability to decolourise azo dyes: Congo red, Orange G, and Methyl red and an anthraquinone dye, Remazol Brilliant Blue R. Initial screening on the glucose minimal media agar plates amended with 200 mg L−1 of each respective dye showed that only isolate MS8 was able to decolourise all of the four dyes. The isolate decolourised completely both the RBBR and Orange G in the agar medium within 8 days. Further quantitative analysis of the dye decolourisation by isolate MS8 in aqueous minimal medium showed that isolate MS8 was able to decolourise all the tested dyes at varying levels. Dye decolourisation by the isolate MS8 was determined to be 97% for RBBR, 33% for Orange G, 48% for Congo red, and 56% for Methyl red, respectively, within a period of 16 days. Molecular identification of the fungal isolate MS8 using primer ITS1 and ITS4 showed that isolate MS8 shared 99% sequence similarity with Marasmius cladophyllus, a Basidiomycete. The ability to decolourise different types of dyes by isolate MS8 thus suggested a possible application of this fungus in the decolourisation of dyestuff effluents.
Highlights
There are more than 100,000 colours of synthetic dyes produced commercially, and over 7 × 105 tons of dyes are produced annually worldwide [1]
The isolated endophytes were grown onto glucose minimal (GM) agar plates and initially screened for their ability to decolourise anthraquinone dye (Remazol Brilliant Blue R, RBBR) and three azo dyes (Orange G, Congo red, and Methyl red)
Dye decolourisation by the isolated fungus was measured by monitoring the absorbance of each dye in the culture medium at its respective maximum absorption wavelength (595 nm for RBBR, 475 nm for Orange G, 497 nm for Congo red, and 520 nm for Methyl red) using a UV-Vis spectrophotometer (Libra S12, Biochrom)
Summary
There are more than 100,000 colours of synthetic dyes produced commercially, and over 7 × 105 tons of dyes are produced annually worldwide [1]. The isolated endophytes were grown onto glucose minimal (GM) agar plates and initially screened for their ability to decolourise anthraquinone dye (Remazol Brilliant Blue R, RBBR) and three azo dyes (Orange G, Congo red, and Methyl red). Dye decolourisation by the isolated fungus was measured by monitoring the absorbance of each dye in the culture medium at its respective maximum absorption wavelength (595 nm for RBBR, 475 nm for Orange G, 497 nm for Congo red, and 520 nm for Methyl red) using a UV-Vis spectrophotometer (Libra S12, Biochrom).
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