Abstract
BackgroundSalvadora persica L. (Toothbrush tree – Miswak; family-Salvadoraceae) grows in the arid-land ecosystem and possesses economic and medicinal importance. The species, genus and the family have no genomic datasets available specifically on chloroplast (cp) genomics and taxonomic evolution. Herein, we have sequenced the complete chloroplast genome of S. persica for the first time and compared it with 11 related specie’s cp genomes from the order Brassicales.ResultsThe S. persica cp genome was 153,379 bp in length containing a sizeable single-copy region (LSC) of 83,818 bp which separated from the small single-copy region (SSC) of 17,683 bp by two inverted repeats (IRs) each 25,939 bp. Among these genomes, the largest cp genome size (160,600 bp) was found in M. oleifera, while in S. persica it was the smallest (153,379 bp). The cp genome of S. persica encoded 131 genes, including 37 tRNA genes, eight rRNA genes and 86 protein-coding genes. Besides, S. persica contains 27 forward, 36 tandem and 19 palindromic repeats. The S. persica cp genome had 154 SSRs with the highest number in the LSC region. Complete cp genome comparisons showed an overall high degree of sequence resemblance between S. persica and related cp genomes. Some divergence was observed in the intergenic spaces of other species. Phylogenomic analyses of 60 shared genes indicated that S. persica formed a single clade with A. tetracantha with high bootstrap values. The family Salvadoraceae is closely related to Capparaceae and Petadiplandraceae rather than to Bataceae and Koberliniacaea.ConclusionThe current genomic datasets provide pivotal genetic resources to determine the phylogenetic relationships, genome evolution and future genetic diversity-related studies of S. persica in complex angiosperm families.
Highlights
Salvadoraceae is a small family that comprises three genera, Salvadora Juss (±five species), Azima Lam. (±four species) and Dobera Juss. [1]
S. persica chloroplast genome: composition and structure The assembly and detailed bioinformatic analyses showed that the chloroplast genome size of S. persica is 153,379 bp
Its five ′ end exon is present in the length containing a sizeable single-copy region (LSC) region, while the three ′ end exon is duplicated in inverted repeats (IRs) region (Fig. 1)
Summary
Salvadoraceae is a small family that comprises three genera, Salvadora Juss (±five species), Azima Lam. (±four species) and Dobera Juss. (two species) [1]. Salvadoraceae is a small family that comprises three genera, Salvadora Juss (±five species), Azima Lam. Salvadoraceae contains small trees and shrubs growing in arid environments and widespread worldwide. S. persica L. is an economically and medicinally plant with numerous medicinal properties. It has been used in traditional medicine, especially in the Middle East and Eastern Africa [4]. The S. persica contains a higher proportion of fluorides. It has shown considerable prospects for antimicrobial and anticancer due to the presence of benzyl isothiocyanate, alkaloids, salvadoside and salvadoraside, etc. (Toothbrush tree – Miswak; family-Salvadoraceae) grows in the arid-land ecosystem and possesses economic and medicinal importance. The species, genus and the family have no genomic datasets available on chloroplast (cp) genomics and taxonomic evolution. We have sequenced the complete chloroplast genome of S. persica for the first time and compared it with 11 related specie’s cp genomes from the order Brassicales
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