Abstract
The aim of this systematic review conducted in the topic of youth team-sports players was three-fold: (i) Analyze the variations of decision-making processes between low- and high-level youth players; (ii) analyze the variations of decision-making processes between different age groups; and (iii) analyze the effects of decision-making training-based programs on youth players. Following the preferred reporting items for systematic reviews and meta-analyses (PRISMA) guidelines, this systematic review searched for studies on PubMed, ScienceDirect, Academic Search Complete, SPORTDiscus, and Taylor & Francis Online. The search returned 6215 papers. After screening the records against set criteria, 26 articles were fully reviewed. From the included studies, 9 were focused on comparing the decision-making process between low- and high-level players, 6 compared the decisions made by players from different age categories, and 11 analyzed the effects of decision-making-based training programs on youth players. Comparisons between high- and low-level players suggested that high-level and most talented players present a greater accuracy in the cognitive and executive answers to the game as well as being more adjustable to more complex situations. Considering the comparisons between age groups, a tendency of older players to execute more accurate decisions in the game and to have better tactical knowledge and behavior was observed. Finally, the effects of decision-making training programs suggest a beneficial effect employing practical scenarios (mainly based on small-sided and conditioned games), primarily improving passing decisions and execution. However, the benefits of interventions using videos are not clear.
Highlights
Open-skill sports are characterized by the repetition of high-intensity actions that require athletes to possess well-developed physical and physiological characteristics, such as speed, strength, power, agility, and fitness [1,2]
The remaining 6016 articles were screened for relevance based on their title and abstract; 5018 studies were eliminated from the database during this step, mainly because they included studies outside the sports field
The reasons for exclusion were: (i) Studies not related to team sports and youth players (N = 99), (ii) studies not conducted in team sports (N = 10), (iii) studies not reporting enough information about the experimental approach and procedures (N = 1), and (iv) studies not published in English (N = 1)
Summary
Open-skill sports are characterized by the repetition of high-intensity actions that require athletes to possess well-developed physical and physiological characteristics, such as speed, strength, power, agility, and fitness [1,2]. Such sports require well-developed technical (e.g., passing, dribbling, and shooting) and tactical skills [3,4]. Team sports have been considered complex systems according to ecological dynamics theories [5]. The interaction between players and the information given by the performance environment limit the occurrence of patterns of stability (i.e., coordination between performers), variability (loss of coordination between performers), and. Public Health 2020, 17, 3803; doi:10.3390/ijerph17113803 www.mdpi.com/journal/ijerph
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