Deciphering Hepatocellular Carcinoma: From Bench to Bedside and Back

Most cases of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) are associated with cirrhosis related to chronic hepatitis B virus (HBV) or hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection. Changes in the time trends of HCC and most variations in its age-, sex-, and race-specific rates among different regions are likely to be related to differences in hepatitis viruses that are most prevalent in a population, the timing of their spread, and the ages of the individuals the viruses infect. Environmental, host genetic, and viral factors can affect the risk of HCC in individuals with HBV or HCV infection. This review summarizes the risk factors for HCC among HBV- or HCV-infected individuals, based on findings from epidemiologic studies and meta-analyses, as well as determinants of patient outcome and the HCC disease burden, globally and in the United States.

Preoperative prediction score of hepatocellular carcinoma recurrence in living donor liver transplantation: Validation of SNAPP score developed at Asan Medical Center

Liver cancer: Approaching a personalized care

New frontiers in liver resection for hepatocellular carcinoma.

The immunobiology of hepatocellular carcinoma in humans and mice: Basic concepts and therapeutic implications

Nuclear Factor-κB in the Liver: Friend or Foe?

Chemoembolization and Radioembolization for Hepatocellular Carcinoma

Hepatitis B Virus X Protein and Pin1 in Liver Cancer: “Les Liaisons Dangereuses”

Treatment for Hepatocellular Carcinoma in South Asia

Society of Interventional Radiology Research Reporting Standards for Prostatic Artery Embolization

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Notch signaling and new therapeutic options in liver disease

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Transforming growth factor beta (TGF-beta) and related growth factors are essential regulators of embryogenesis and tissue homeostasis. The signaling pathways mediated by their receptors and Smad proteins are precisely modulated by various means. Xenopus BAMBI (bone morphogenic protein (BMP) and activin membrane-bound inhibitor) has been shown to function as a general negative regulator of TGF-beta/BMP/activin signaling. Here, we provide evidence that human BAMBI (hBAMBI), like its Xenopus homolog, inhibits TGF-beta- and BMP-mediated transcriptional responses as well as TGF-beta-induced R-Smad phosphorylation and cell growth arrest, whereas knockdown of endogenous BAMBI enhances the TGF-beta-induced reporter expression. Mechanistically, in addition to interfering with the complex formation between the type I and type II receptors, hBAMBI cooperates with Smad7 to inhibit TGF-beta signaling. hBAMBI forms a ternary complex with Smad7 and the TGF-beta type I receptor ALK5/TbetaRI and inhibits the interaction between ALK5/TbetaRI and Smad3, thus impairing Smad3 activation. These findings provide a novel insight to understand the molecular mechanism underlying the inhibitory effect of BAMBI on TGF-beta signaling.

Variants in Autophagy Genes Affect Susceptibility to Both Crohn's Disease and Helicobacter pylori Infection