Abstract
Abstract Decentralization has been a means to enhance efficiency and effectiveness in the management of local government affairs. Tanzania has undergone a reform through decentralization by devolution (D by D) and shifted relative power to lower levels of government known as local government authorities. The purpose is to improve the management of local government affair including the management of community health, free basic education and the management of contracts through public-private partnership. The objective of this paper is to review and analyse on how D by D has enhanced efficiency and effectiveness in the management of local government affairs in Tanzania. Data were collected through reviewing different documents including published journal articles, unpublished Master and PhD thesis/dissertations, government reports and online materials. Efficiency and effectiveness in the management of local government affairs are enhanced by D by D as there are improvements in the management of the community health fund as the number of households enrolled is consecutively increasing in the past five years from 543,328 in 2012/2013 to 2,251,055 in 2017/2018giving a total of 13,506,330 beneficiaries out of the total population. In the management of free fee basic education, head masters, mistress and head teachers in Singida and Ruangwa districts are successful in overcoming the challenges of free fee basic education while there is improved community participation in the management of management of contracted services in Ulanga district council. This paper recommends for reviewing and analysing how D by D has enhanced management of waste collection, the use of Government electronic Payment Gateway (GePG) in revenue collection and the efficiency and effectiveness of Tanzania Rural and Urban Roads Agency (TARURA).
Highlights
Most governments in the world are struggling to improve public service by bringing services closer to the people in the name of decentralization
While decentralization gurus commend it to have enhanced good Local Governance for different governments (Saito, 2008, Shah, 2006), comments by Mbogela and Mollel (2014) suggest that decentralization has granted autonomy to Local Governments in both developed and developing countries. They are of the view that, decentralization has helped in improving service delivery to the communities by supporting efficiency and effective operation at the local levels. It is through these observed benefits, the government of Tanzania through different reforms of 1990s to present has had its initiatives to improve the management of local government affairs by bringing services closer to the people by implementing decentralization by devolution (D by D)
In this paper we argue that effective decentralization has the propensity to enhance efficiency and effectiveness in service delivery in community health care, free basic education and public private partnership
Summary
Most governments in the world are struggling to improve public service by bringing services closer to the people in the name of decentralization. While decentralization gurus commend it to have enhanced good Local Governance for different governments (Saito, 2008, Shah, 2006), comments by Mbogela and Mollel (2014) suggest that decentralization has granted autonomy to Local Governments in both developed and developing countries They are of the view that, decentralization has helped in improving service delivery to the communities by supporting efficiency and effective operation at the local levels. In this paper we argue that effective decentralization has the propensity to enhance efficiency and effectiveness in service delivery in community health care, free basic education and public private partnership After this introduction, the paper dwells on the conceptualization of decentralization and its theoretical foundation; the third section provides the legal framework of decentralization in Tanzania.
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