Abstract
Abstract. Stratospheric Aerosol and Gas Experiment (SAGE II) version 7 (v7) ozone profiles are analyzed for their decadal-scale responses in the middle and upper stratosphere for 1991 and 1992–2005 and compared with those from its previous version 6.2 (v6.2). Multiple linear regression (MLR) analysis is applied to time series of its ozone number density vs. altitude data for a range of latitudes and altitudes. The MLR models that are fit to the time series data include a periodic 11 yr term, and it is in-phase with that of the 11 yr, solar UV (Ultraviolet)-flux throughout most of the latitude/altitude domain of the middle and upper stratosphere. Several regions that have a response that is not quite in-phase are interpreted as being affected by decadal-scale, dynamical forcings. The maximum minus minimum, solar cycle (SC-like) responses for the ozone at the low latitudes are similar from the two SAGE II data versions and vary from about 5 to 2.5% from 35 to 50 km, although they are resolved better with v7. SAGE II v7 ozone is also analyzed for 1984–1998, in order to mitigate effects of end-point anomalies that bias its ozone in 1991 and the analyzed results for 1991–2005 or following the Pinatubo eruption. Its SC-like ozone response in the upper stratosphere is of the order of 4% for 1984–1998 vs. 2.5 to 3% for 1991–2005. The SAGE II v7 results are also recompared with the responses in ozone from the Halogen Occultation Experiment (HALOE) that are in terms of mixing ratio vs. pressure for 1991–2005 and then for late 1992–2005 to avoid any effects following Pinatubo. Shapes of their respective response profiles agree very well for 1992–2005. The associated linear trends of the ozone are not as negative in 1992–2005 as in 1984–1998, in accord with a leveling off of the effects of reactive chlorine on ozone. It is concluded that the SAGE II v7 ozone yields SC-like ozone responses and trends that are of better quality than those from v6.2.
Highlights
Analysis results have been reported for the 11 yr solar cycle (SC) responses (maximum minus minimum from 2 to 4 %) and the trends in upper stratospheric ozone from long-term satellite measurements (e.g., Dhomse et al, 2011; McLinden and Fioletov, 2011; Remsberg and Lingenfelser, 2010; Fioletov, 2009; McCormack et al, 2007; Randel and Wu, 2007; Soukharev and Hood, 2006; and Lee and Smith, 2003)
As an ex- than 2 % at the higher latitudes in Fig. 11 may indicate ample, the Multiple linear regression (MLR) fit to the ozone time series of 5◦ N and 30 km effects of a chemical loss of ozone due to wintertime descent in Fig. 10 is systematically high in 1989–1990, followed by and mixing of NOx to lower latitudes that is enhanced at solar a slight low bias in 1991–1992
Their analyses for the SC responses were performed on separate time series for each of the individual months or seasons. Both studies reported near zero SC responses from about 30 to 40 km at the low latitudes, contrary to the predictions of most photochemical models. Their response profiles from the Solar Backscatter UltraViolet (SBUV) ozone mimic those shown by Torres and Bhartia (1995, their Fig. 4) for the retrieval effects on ozone at higher altitudes, due to not accounting for multiply-scattered, UV channel radiances from a volcanic aerosol layer located at 26 km
Summary
Analysis results have been reported for the 11 yr solar cycle (SC) responses (maximum (max) minus minimum (min) from 2 to 4 %) and the trends in upper stratospheric ozone from long-term satellite measurements (e.g., Dhomse et al, 2011; McLinden and Fioletov, 2011; Remsberg and Lingenfelser, 2010; Fioletov, 2009; McCormack et al, 2007; Randel and Wu, 2007; Soukharev and Hood, 2006; and Lee and Smith, 2003). Note that these trends are not explicitly related to an EESC term, but do include the linear effects of the relatively small changes in the atmospheric chlorine over this time span. SC-like responses of the northern subtropics are still anomalously large for this period because of the end-point anomacertainties from 3 to 6 % fo4r2 the SAGE II ozone from 36 to 39 km (Fioletov et al, 2006) Those errors are much larger lies from the Pinatubo event for the trend term of the MLR than the amplitude of the SC response and reflect the effects model fit.
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