Abstract
This study evaluated the root canal dentine surface by scanning electron microscope (SEM) after shaping with two reciprocating single-file NiTi systems and two rotating single-file NiTi systems, in order to verify the presence/absence of the smear layer and the presence/absence of open tubules along the walls of each sample; Forty-eight single-rooted teeth were divided into four groups and shaped with OneShape (OS), F6 SkyTaper (F6), WaveOne (WO) and Reciproc and irrigated using 5.25% NaOCl and 17% EDTA. Root canal walls were analyzed by SEM at a standard magnification of 2500×. The presence/absence of the smear layer and the presence/absence of open tubules at the coronal, middle, and apical third of each canal were estimated using a five-step scale for scores. Numeric data were analyzed using Kruskal-Wallis and Mann-Whitney U statistical tests and significance was predetermined at P < 0.05; The Kruskal-Wallis ANOVA for debris score showed significant differences among the NiTi systems (P < 0.05). The Mann-Whitney test confirmed that reciprocating systems presented significantly higher score values than rotating files. The same results were assessed considering the smear layer scores. ANOVA confirmed that the apical third of the canal maintained a higher quantity of debris and smear layer after preparation of all the samples; Single-use NiTi systems used in continuous rotation appeared to be more effective than reciprocating instruments in leaving clean walls. The reciprocating systems produced more debris and smear layer than rotating instruments.
Highlights
The aim of the root canal treatment is to shape root canals and to remove the pulp tissue, the bacteria and their byproducts [1,2,3,4,5]
The Mann-Whitney U post-hoc test confirmed that WaveOne and Reciproc presented significantly higher score values than rotating NiTi systems (P < 0.05)
Non-significant differences were obtained between WaveOne and Reciproc when considering scores of the debris and smear layer (P > 0.05), as reported in Tables 3 and 4
Summary
The aim of the root canal treatment is to shape root canals and to remove the pulp tissue, the bacteria and their byproducts [1,2,3,4,5]. Instruments alone are not able to eliminate bacteria and all modern nickel-titanium (NiTi) systems may produce a large amount of debris along the canal walls [11]. Several NiTi systems have been introduced in the market since they have been developed more than 20 years ago. Because of their motion inside the canal, they create debris and a smear layer that have to be removed with the aid of irrigating solutions [12,13]. The ideal way to favor the removal of organic debris and of the smear layer is to irrigate the canals with EDTA in combination with NaOCl [20,21,22].
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