De Haas-van Alphen Effect in Arsenic

Abstract

The de Haas-van Alphen effect has been studied in single crystals of rhombohedral (metallic) arsenic in the liquid helium temperature range and in magnetic fields up to 25 kilogauss. The effect in arsenic is characterized by long-period (up to \ensuremath{\sim}4\ifmmode\times\else\texttimes\fi{}${10}^{\ensuremath{-}5}$ ${\mathrm{gauss}}^{\ensuremath{-}1}$) oscillations upon which are superposed three short period (up to \ensuremath{\sim}6\ifmmode\times\else\texttimes\fi{}${10}^{\ensuremath{-}7}$ ${\mathrm{gauss}}^{\ensuremath{-}1}$) terms. Analysis in terms of existing theory attributes the long-period oscillations to electrons occupying a constant energy surface in momentum or wave-number space which to a first approximation is an ellipsoid of revolution with a degeneracy energy ${E}_{0l}=1.59\ifmmode\times\else\texttimes\fi{}{10}^{\ensuremath{-}14}$ erg. The pertinent electrons in the case of the short-period oscillations can be attributed to three identical ellipsoidal constant-energy surfaces oriented so as to satisfy the trigonal symmetry of the arsenic lattice and having a degeneracy energy ${E}_{0s}=29.4\ifmmode\times\else\texttimes\fi{}{10}^{\ensuremath{-}14}$ erg. In addition, the electronic effective masses have been evaluated.A method for growing arsenic single crystals is described.