(De)Construction of Gendered Identities in ELT Materials: A Systemic Functional View

The new paradigm on the position of English in the world has shifted as now English was no longer the property of native speakers. This shifting paradigm challenge the traditional assumption of English teaching world on whether English teachers should incorporate local or target culture in their teaching materials. This is a qualitative research using critical literature review method. The topic being discussed in this article is how to incorporate local value in English language teaching materials. The issue is analysed from various perspectives, they are: world Englishes, English as International Language, culture and identity, materials development and how they shape the idea of how English teaching materials in Indonesia should be developed. In order to do that, the researchers implemented four criteria of a good ELT materials proposed by McDonough, Shaw, Masuhara, (2013). As the result of the research, we provide two suggestions. They are creating a team of book developers and providing alternatives ELT materials based on different learning styles, text genres, or even viewpoint towards an issue.

<span>Women’s empowerment can be encouraged via English teaching and teaching materials can be utilized to strengthen gender equality and women’s empowerment, particularly for students from coastal areas pursuing higher education at universities. This research aims to determine how English language teaching (ELT) materials in universities can be adapted and incorporated into English instruction from the perspective of female students from coast. The data for this study were acquired using a qualitative technique, which included the distribution of questionnaires and interviews with female students from coastal locations. The information gathered from the questionnaire was mostly demographic. In the meanwhile, interviews were held to collect thoughts from participants on coastal traditions and cultures that might be included into teaching materials. The findings reveal a clear correlation between individuals’ perspectives and their experiences shaped by traditions and cultural heritage of coastal regions. Female participants highlight the depth of coastal culture, it is interaction with the environment, the crucial role of women in preserving traditions, and the desire for representation in university-level English teaching materials. These insights, derived from the experiences and viewpoints of female students in a coastal setting, extend beyond their locale, offering valuable lessons for English learning approaches in diverse coastal communities</span>

The fact that foreign language instruction cannot be separated from the foreign cultural domain and that the students come from other cultural domains, needs to be seen as an entry point to promote intercultural communication in the practice of teaching a foreign language in Indonesia, including the English language. This particular study, however, describes the process of integrating one aspect of the Indonesian cultural domain, that is Indonesian character, into English teaching materials. In particular, it tries to answer the questions of types of character to be integrated and how to integrate Indonesian and Western character into English language teaching materials. This was a qualitative study conducted in Yogyakarta Province. This study explores the curriculum and commonly used English textbooks for 10th Grade of senior high schools. The study revealed that the character types being integrated are those containing Indonesian moral values. These moral values are integrated both implicitly and explicitly into the teaching materials by using texts and pictures. In conclusion, presenting Indonesian character in English teaching materials can be one way of introducing foreign language character and Indonesian character, to promote intercultural communication when teaching English as a foreign language in Indonesia.

Integrating both local and target cultures in English Language Teaching Materials and emphasizes the need for balance to promote cultural diversity and understanding become an important thing in today’s era. During teaching practice activities at SMAN 17 Tebo, the researcher found that the cultural materials in the English Teaching Materials used are not balanced between the source culture, target culture, and international culture. This has an impact on cross-cultural understanding and less than optimal cultural awareness among students. The purpose of this research is to explore the representation of cultural persons in government textbook and teacher-made modules. This research uses qualitative content analysis as a research design. This research involved a sample of government-approved English language textbooks entitled “Bahasa Inggris Work in Progress” and a teacher-made module at SMAN 11 Tebo. The results show that from the theme of great athletes in chapter one of the Bahasa Inggris Work In Progress textbook and teacher-made module, it can be seen that the dominant sports branch comes from international culture. While the cultural persons represented as athletes are dominated by the source culture. It is recommended that future development of English language teaching (ELT) materials, both in government textbooks like Bahasa Inggris Work in Progress and teacher-made modules, should strive for a more balanced representation of source culture, target culture, and international culture for fostering intercultural competence among Indonesian students.

This research developed the English teaching materials based on moral characters. Therefore, the focus was to improve the English teaching quality by aligning the students' needs and lecturers' expectations (needs analysis) with the values of moral. The 'I-DO' method was developed with three different phases namely; 1) The input stage, the students’ needs were analyzed in which 55 students and 10 lecturers participated. Data collection used a questionnaire and the data were analyzed by description. 2) The development stage the aims and goals were formulated by taking into account the information obtained from needs analysis. 3) The output stage conducted by planning the lesson, and generating the teaching material prototypes in which the values of moral are included. The article established an English learning teaching materials with well-developed prototype particularly for speaking skill of making transaction. The findings with the use of the 'I-DO' methodology provides useful input for developing the ELT materials in language programs. Therefore, English language teachers should study this methodology in order to use its stages in developing ELT materials for other subjects.

An innovative approach to lesson planning incorporates the high order thinking skill (HOTS) model of learning with a strategy for identifying students' challenging words through hypertext. This study primarily evaluates the effectiveness of English language teaching materials utilising the hypertext integrated HOTS model on student learning outcomes. This study used a pre-test-posttest group design in its research technique, by involving 80 Class X pupils for the school year 2023/2024. Researchers utilised the snowball sampling approach to establish the necessary sample size. The students were assigned to Group A (experimental) and Group B (control). Subsequently, pupils take a pretest to identify any discrepancies between their knowledge levels. The research findings indicate that the observed T value is 8.313 and the significance value is below 0.05. Thus, it can be inferred that incorporating HOTS-based English teaching materials with the hypertext paradigm is effective in improving student learning results. This study is significant as it can enhance proficiency in the English language, particularly by emphasising the teacher's influence on the efficacy of HOTS-based English language teaching materials integrated with the hypertext model on student learning outcomes in English language acquisition.

The objectives of this study are (1) to know the English teaching materials taught in Guidance and Counselling at this time, (2) to know the skills needed by students in the Guidance and Counselling department in communication using English, (3) to know the English materials needed students to face the world of work, (4) the effectiveness of English language learning materials developed for improving students' English skills. The type of data obtained in the preliminary study is qualitative data and the results of the needs analysis of students' profile. This data is obtained by using interview and questionnaires. The type of data that results in the development of the model is qualitative data, which is the result of the validation of a team of experts; The results of individual test, and small group tests. The effectiveness test data is quantitative data. The results of this study are: (1) Descriptions of the needs of English language teaching materials, (2) Skills needed by students in communication using English, (3) English language teaching materials and (4) Effectiveness test results with T-Tests indicating that teaching materials English based on English for Specific Purposess developed in this field of research, effective; and the feasibility test of teaching materials shows the test results of 82, the results of the language feasibility test 87, the results of the feasibility test presentation 78, and the results of the feasibility test of decorative elements 75. It can be concluded that this ESP-based English teaching material is suitable for use in teaching materials that can improve students' ability to use English in academic and working activities. Keywords: ESP, Guidance and Counselling, Material.

The condition of a pluralistic society will potentially be prone to social conflict, thus disrupting the integrity of harmonious social relations in society. The research aims to develop English language teaching materials based on multicultural values in higher education. This research uses research and development involving Analysis, Design, Development, and implementation (ADDIE) models and mixed methodology. In collecting data, several instruments were used: observation, in-depth interviews, Focus Group Discussions (FGD), document analysis, and questionnaires. This research involved student participants and lecturers. The data analysis technique used is qualitative and quantitative descriptive analysis. The findings of this research show that in English textbooks, readings and twenty exercises that contain multicultural values are expected to be found. In the English for Agribusiness textbook, researchers did not find multicultural values. In addition, the results of the needs analysis show that teachers and students need to provide appropriate techniques and strategies for teaching English through multicultural values. The validity results show that multicultural education can be taught using English material. Based on the effectiveness results, it shows that multicultural education is effective. Multicultural education needs to be involved by including multicultural values in English teaching materials, especially in universities. For future research, it is necessary to find English language teaching materials with other methodologies and specific fields at the higher education level.

The purpose of this study was to analyze the development of English teaching materials at the vocational high school (SMK) Mohammad Toha in Cimahi, the availability and suitability of English teaching materials to the needs of students, especially teaching materials / materials that students learn according to their level of needs in the world of work especially for SMK students. The research problem formulation is; 1) how is the development of English teaching materials used in vocational high school (SMK) Mohammad Toha Cimahi especially in computer and network engineering (TKJ) majors? 2) what difficulties did the teachers get in developing specific English language teaching materials ?. And the purpose of the study was to develop more specific English Language Teaching Materials in accordance with the field of vocational students at Mohammad Toha Cimahi Vocational School (SMK) especially in the Department of Computer and Network Engineering (TKJ). 2) To find solutions to the obstacles faced by teachers in developing specific English Language teaching materials. This research method uses descriptive qualitative method which aims to describe the development of English Language Teaching Materials in Vocational High Schools (SMK). The results and findings in the field that students have high motivation to learn English, but there are obstacles they face including; 1) The material presented still does not meet the target needs of students for their career world, 2) Authentic material is not yet available, 3) The absence of developers / innovations in the development of teaching environments conducted by schools and teachers so that the material presented still does not answer the needs of students in SMK, innovation has not been made in developing teaching materials at school so the material presented is still textual. Teachers experience difficulties in developing teaching materials because of the lack of knowledge, the absence of experts in the development of teaching materials and the lack of training and reference in the development of teaching materials.

Ageism in mass media is of great concern with older individuals often being stereotyped or simply rendered invisible. Yet research is largely silent on ageism in English language teaching (ELT) materials. Given the power of English education, the impact of visual media, and the tendency for English teaching materials to include visual depictions of people, such research is warranted. In response, a content analysis of 7350 visuals of people from Japanese ELT resources was conducted in the study described here. The goal was to understand four issues. First, how visible were the elderly overall? Second, given intergenerational friction as one outgrowth of ageism, did these materials normalize intergenerational interactions including the elderly? Third, to what extent did these materials exhibit ageism of women since ‘gendered ageism’ is an especially important issue? Fourth, to what extent did these materials either reproduce or subvert stereotypes of the elderly? Findings indicated that the amount of representation was biased against the elderly, that intergenerational interactions involving the elderly were scant, and that older women were especially underrepresented. While some of the elderly depictions were stereotypical, others did portray elderly people positively, as socially-involved and vigorous. These findings demonstrate the need for greater sensitivity to an ageist hidden curriculum in ELT.

Teaching materials are a manifestation of culture. "Teaching material culture is social culture manifested in the contents of teaching materials and in teaching activities. It represents a society's authoritative systems of knowledge, values, and concepts, and explicitly exhibits the given teaching contents selected by the society's leading class(es) for the socialization of children and young people. It is a tool for disseminating value concepts and ideology."1 English language teaching materials are even more distinctive. In English teaching materials and teaching, one must give expression to the Chinese society's requirements and expectations with regard to the socialization of children on the one hand and, on the other, because the English language is the creation of a foreign culture, English language teaching materials and teaching manifest the Chinese people's reading and reconstruction of that foreign culture. Junior middle school English-language teaching materials are targeted at twelve- to fifteen-year-old children in their adolescence. In terms of English-language studies, they cannot reach the level of children of the same age in countries where English is the mother tongue, and so the contents of English teaching materials seem relatively simple in comparison with the intellectual and mental level of students of this period. However, it is precisely in the simplicity and directness of this language that the cultural characteristics of English-language teaching materials surface more distinctly.

The research observed the gap in understanding how English Language Teaching (ELT) materials in Indonesian primary schools promoted religious moderation and fostered values such as tolerance and respect for diversity. Utilizing a narrative case study approach, it examined the role of ELT materials in advancing religious moderation. Through an analysis of ELT textbooks and supplementary resources, the research evaluated the representation of religious moderation themes and explored teachers’ perceptions and use of these materials in their classrooms. The research contributed to the broader discourse on education’s role in fostering peace and tolerance, providing insights for policymakers, educators, and curriculum developers. Applying a qualitative narrative case study design, the research captured the experiences of English language teachers from three primary schools in diverse settings in Pekalongan, Central Java, Indonesia. Data were collected through in-depth interviews, document analysis, and classroom observations, with validation techniques such as triangulation and member checking ensuring credibility. Thematic analysis was used to systematically analyze the data. Findings reveal both the potential and limitations of ELT materials in promoting religious moderation. While textbooks feature characters from diverse cultural and religious backgrounds, they often lack explicit integration of religious moderation values, focusing more on language skills. Teachers address these gaps with supplementary strategies, including additional stories, activities, and discussions that emphasize religious diversity and interfaith tolerance. The research highlights the need for curriculum developers to prioritize religious moderation in educational materials and for policymakers to support professional development initiatives for teachers. Implementing these recommendations can better equip students with values essential for fostering a harmonious and inclusive society.

The new paradigm on the position of English in the world has shifted as now English was no longer the property of native speakers. This shifting paradigm challenge the traditional assumption of English teaching world on whether English teachers should incorporate local or target culture in their teaching materials. This is a qualitative research using critical literature review method. This article provides a discussion about the issue of representation of local content in English teaching materials in Indonesia context. The issue is analysed from various perspectives, they are: world Englishes, English as International Language, culture and identity, materials development and how they shape the idea of how English teaching materials in Indonesia should be developed. Conclusion and a few recommendations about the issue of local content in teaching materials in Indonesia are presented and discussed in the end of the paper.

English Language Teaching (ELT) materials are significant as tools in facilitating a second language teaching and learning including for preschool level. Also, it is necessary for teachers to opt for appropriate ELT materials which encompass cultural and local identity to generate a meaningful and relatable context of teaching and learning. Nonetheless, most of the materials currently available for preschool education in the publishing market are foreign and therefore little focus on local context. It is more evident in Islamic preschools, as the ELT materials need to be infused with Islamic values to align with the philosophy of Islamic preschools. Hence, this paper presents and discusses a part of a study on Islamic preschool teachers’ perception of the Soleh English (SE) teaching materials developed in the attempt to integrate Malay culture and Islamic values with ELT. The study employed a Case Study design involving five female Islamic preschool teachers in the Klang Valley Region. They were purposely chosen based on their experiences using the SE teaching materials. The data was obtained through semi-structured interviews and triangulated with a questionnaire and document analysis. The interview data reported in this article were thematically analysed. Findings illuminated four key themes for each research question which indicated that there is an integration of cultural and Islamic values in the SE teaching materials as well as in ESL teaching. This enabled the teachers to instil Islamic and cultural values in their English language teaching in contribution to generate noble citizens.
 Keywords: materials, ESL teaching, integrated values, islamic preschool, cultural.

Introduction: Research into gender diversity and equality of gender in humanities has been mounting since 1960s, when post-modernism and post-structuralism emerged as a reaction to metanarratives of modernization. Methods and approaches in ELT also arose in the same years. However, queer and LGBT identities were intentionally ignored in ELT discipline and departments, although English as a lingua franca was already hailed in the inner circle. This study aimed to unearth the views of young adult learners of English regarding LGBT. Two data collection instruments were administered. A standard scale composed of 21 items that measure homosexuality attitudes was given to the participants (N= 113). In addition, a semi-structured interview was prepared to elicit the participants’ views (N=12). The results of the study show that most of the participants showed a positive attitude towards LGBT. However, they reported that this topic was never addressed in ELT settings. Methods: The study was qualitatively designed to elicit the views of young adult learners regarding homosexuality. A standard scale developed by Kite and Deaux (1986) and which was psychometrically sound and reliable to identify the attitudes towards homosexuality and a descriptive phenomenographic research method were used to learn the ideas of the participants. Phenomenographic research method aims to elicit lived experiences of individuals by using experiential description. Although there were 600 young adult learners of English, only 113 of them volunteered to participate in the study. The participants studied English as a foreign language at a public university in Turkey. The average age of the participants was 18. A semi-structured interview was conducted with 12 of the participants. Results: The findings of the study represent that most of the participants ascribed positive attitudes towards homosexuality. Further, a big number of the informants put forward the significance of such concepts as freedom and respect for personal preferences. Besides, an average number of respondents attributed homosexuality as a hormonal disorder encountered in society. The majority of the respondents put an emphasis on the taboo of religion. They revealed that homosexuality is a taboo which is strictly forbidden in Islam and such issues should not be voiced explicitly in our daily life. Discussion: This study dealt with the issue of LGBT and homosexuality in foreign language settings by taking the views of young adult learners of English into consideration. The results show that homosexuality representation is insufficient in ELT textbooks, curriculum and materials. Although most of the participants showed a positive attitude towards the representation of homosexuality, they noted that LGBT was never addressed in classroom settings. Similarly, Gray (2013) also emphasizes that LGBT identity was not represented in ELT, though considerable progress has been legally made in the UK. Nelson (2002) strongly recommends that queering ESL through discourses may help ESL develop a more diverse attitude towards LGBG identity. Limitations: This study was limited to only young adult learners in English language teaching. In addition, only two collection data tools, a standard homosexuality scale and a semi-structured interview form, were used. Besides, convenience sampling was used. The sampling was confined to 113 participants for the scale and 12 learners for the semi-structured interview form. Conclusions: The results show that most of the participants have positive attitudes towards acceptance of homosexual identities. Although ELT textbooks and materials tend to discard LGBT identity, teachers and students can queer ELT, EFL and ESL classrooms by using the tenets of progressive education and critical pedagogy. The use of participatory approach can be reinforced and expanded in ELT world encompassing not only inner circle but also outer and expanding circles. Materials, tasks and activities need to be updated in ELT curriculum. The first discussions of equality of gender in post-modernist and post-structuralist theories can be perceptibly seen in ELT by endorsing and developing critical pedagogy.