Abstract
Discoidin domain receptors (DDRs) are receptor tyrosine kinases that are activated by native collagens and have an important role during cell adhesion, development, differentiation, proliferation, and migration. DDR deregulation is associated with progression of several different cancers. However, there is limited information about the role of DDRs in the progression of breast cancer. In this review we attempt to collect the most relevant information about DDR signaling and their role in various cancer-related processes such as adhesion, epithelial to mesenchymal transition, migration, invasion, and survival, with a focus on breast cancer.
Highlights
Discoidin domain receptors (DDRs) are receptor tyrosine kinases that are activated by native collagens and have an important role during cell adhesion, development, differentiation, proliferation, and migration
The apoptosis removes up to 80% of the epithelium and the mammary gland returns back to pre-pregnancy volume and morphology [8,9,10,11]. All of these biological processes are mediate by signal transduction pathways which are activated by several bioactive molecules including proteases, hormones, growth factors, extracellular matrix (ECM) components, receptor tyrosine kinases (RTKs) and G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs)[1,12,13]
Another mechanism of regulation involves the EJXM region in DDR1, because this region is processed by some members of membrane-type matrix metalloproteinases (MT-matrix metalloproteases (MMPs)) such as MTMMP-14, -15 and -16, which release receptor ectodomain and regulate receptor activation induced by ligands [17,67,68]
Summary
The mammary gland is an organ which is restricted to mammals, the physiological function is milk production to feed new born offspring during lactation [1]. The apoptosis removes up to 80% of the epithelium and the mammary gland returns back to pre-pregnancy volume and morphology [8,9,10,11] All of these biological processes are mediate by signal transduction pathways which are activated by several bioactive molecules including proteases, hormones, growth factors, ECM components, receptor tyrosine kinases (RTKs) and G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs)[1,12,13]. The dysregulation of these signal transduction pathways contributes to development of different pathologies, including breast cancer
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