Dating Violence and Gender Beliefs Legitimizing Dating Violence among Cape Verdean University Students

The aim of the present article is to present and discuss the results of a Portuguese national study with 4696 university students, 3846 (81.9%) self-identified as females, 843 (17.8%) self-identified as males, and 16 (0.3%) non-binary people (M = 22.4 years old; SD = 5.132). With the objective of characterizing the relationship between gender beliefs and dating violence practices, an online questionnaire was administered. Results show that 2524 (53.7%) students had suffered an episode of dating violence and 1599 (34%) had perpetrated one at least once during their life. Female students were more victimized than male students, while male students perpetrated more dating violence than female participants. An association between gender beliefs legitimizing violence and gender was found, with male students endorsing more gender beliefs legitimizing violence than female students. Additionally, those who suffered from and perpetrated dating violence presented higher levels of gender beliefs legitimizing violence than those who did not suffer from or perpetrate it.

It is anticipated that the factors shaping individuals' digital leisure activities may vary in the context of gender, age, academic achievement, and religious belief variables. Therefore, the aim of this study is to examine how university students' digital leisure activities differ according to these variables. Designed as a quantitative study, the research employs a relational screening method. The sample of the study consists of 502 students enrolled in various departments at Karabük University. As data collection tools, a personal information form and the "Digital Leisure Time Tendency Scale" were utilized. The analysis revealed that participants' digital leisure activities showed significant differences based on gender, age, and academic achievement variables. It was found that males scored higher in application usage, and as age and academic achievement increased, significant differences emerged in the communication, social interaction, and psychological tendency dimensions of digital leisure activities. However, it was observed that the belief variable did not have a significant effect on digital leisure tendencies. In conclusion, it can be stated that digital leisure activities are related to individuals' demographic characteristics, whereas religious belief is not a determining factor in these activities. This study is considered to contribute to the literature for future researchers.

Domestic violence is a worldwide crime recognized as a severe violation of Human Rights, which includes Intimate Partner Violence (IPV). The studies remark that the asymmetries in the social relations between men and women result in domination dynamics. Thus, this study analyzed the relationship between gender and IPV beliefs in the general population, university students, and healthcare/safety/justice professionals by comparing IPV legitimization between men and women and with age. The sample was composed by 3413 Portuguese participants, 1551 men (45.4%) and 1826 women (54.6%), aged 18 to 100 (M = 37.97; SD = 18.09), 1936 participants from the general population (56.7%), 866 university students [e.g., healthcare students] (25.4%) and 611 healthcare/safety/justice professionals [e.g., doctors, psychologists, police officers, lawyers] (17.9%). The sample filled out the Scale of Beliefs about Marital Violence (ECVC), a self-report scale on beliefs about IPV. Results confirmed our hypothesis that men have significantly higher levels of IPV legitimization than women. In accordance with our second hypothesis, significant positive correlations were found between age and IPV beliefs. As age increases, older people tend to be more tolerant of IPV, and young people tend to be less endorsing such IPV beliefs. Finally, we found the hypothesis that university students and healthcare/safety/justice professionals have lower levels of beliefs compared with other participants in the general population. Findings show that we need to work hard with the social evolution in men’s and women’s beliefs on IPV, reinforcing the importance of targeting IPV prevention by gender and age in the general population but also in students and professionals.

Reproductive autonomy is necessary for one's overall well-being and is defined as the ability to decide and control issues of contraceptive use, pregnancy, and birth. Barriers to consistent contraceptive use persist, limiting an individual's ability to exercise reproductive autonomy. The present study investigated the prevalence of reproductive autonomy and gender beliefs among 468 university students (311 women and 157 men) in a rural setting. Participants completed surveys measuring reproductive autonomy, attitudes around gender beliefs, and demographic questions. Correlations revealed a positive association between decision making, communication, and freedom from coercion. Multiple regressions found significant predictors to achieving reproductive autonomy, including holding healthy gender beliefs, being a woman, using birth control, engaging in less religious activity, and being a non-Christian. Social work efforts should support young adults to effectively communicate about the use of contraception within relationships and to promote healthy gender beliefs. Assessment tools should include screening for coercive behaviors such as intimidation, isolation, and threats within intimate partnerships. Social work advocacy efforts should focus on decreasing the continuing barriers to both comprehensive reproductive health care and access to highly effective contraceptives. The specific reproductive health needs of rural young adult populations should also be further examined.

During the last decades, there has occurred an increasing interest in the research literature regarding college teaching. Especially the image of the professor is often combined with various stereotypes, prejudiced attitudes and misunderstandings since it is connected with the correlated situation in universities. The current paper is dealing with the image of the ideal professor as expressed by students in universities. The research is conducted with the use of a questionnaire, where students are called to express their agreement or disagreement on certain statements. The data analysis is correlated with various independent variables, such as the students’ gender, age and political belief. The statements cover all the aspects of a professor’s action, from knowledge and teaching method to political action and relations with society. Hence, we attempt to create a distinct profile of what the students regard as the ideal professor.

The purpose of this study was to measure the reported use of nutrition information on food labels by a population of university students and to determine if label users differed from non-users in terms of gender and specific beliefs related to label information and diet-disease relationships, specifically fat and heart disease and fibre and cancer. A single-stage cluster sampling technique was used. Data was obtained using a self-administered, validated questionnaire. The present investigation took place at the University of Saskatchewan, Canada in the autumn of 1997. : A total of 553 students in randomly selected classes in the College of Arts and Science took part in the survey (92% response rate). The sample consisted of roughly equal numbers of males and females, most between the ages of 18 and 24. There were approximately equal numbers of label users and non-users among males, while label users outnumbered non-users by almost four to one among females. The importance of nutrition information on food labels was the only belief that differed significantly between label users and non-users for both sexes. For females, no other beliefs distinguished label users from non-users. However, for males, significant differences were found between label users and non-users on the beliefs that nutrition information is truthful and that a relationship between fibre and cancer exists. Females appear to use food labels more often than do males. The only consistently observed difference between label users and non-users (male and female) was that users believed in the importance of nutrition information on food labels while non-users did not.

The present study is dedicated to the description of one of the areas in which an asymmetry in the linguistic choices available to Cape Verdeans is easily noticed, that is, the national education system. Firstly, we will trace the socio-historical context of the use of Portuguese and Cape Verdean in higher education, including some information about basic and secondary education. In the second part, we will present the results of the research carried out in 2016/2017 on the island of São Vicente, in Cape Verde, referring to the opinions of university students and the teaching staff regarding, for instance, the mandatory use of the Portuguese language in the school environment or the scarce presence of the national language in the formal higher education. For the purposes of this study, we chose 60 interviews: 37 with students from the University of Mindelo (UM), 15 with students from the University of Cape Verde (Uni-CV) and 8 with university professors, specialists in different scientific areas (Uni-CV, UM). The methodology applied for its description will be qualitative, with summarizing quantitative elements. The final observations, due to the small number of participants, cannot be considered as representative of the opinion of the entire population of São Vicente island, but they can, however, constitute a starting point for more comprehensive studies.

Discrimination against sexual and gender minorities is a persistent problem in several contexts. This article sought to investigate prejudice against sexual and gender diversity and beliefs about sex education among students of licenciatura (Brazilian term for a bachelor of education degree with a specialization) courses from different areas, and whether there are differences in the manifestation of these attitudes and beliefs between freshmen and seniors. Five hundred eighty university students participated in this study and the data was collected through scales to measure sexual and gender prejudice and beliefs about sex education, and through a sociodemographic characterization form. The results showed that prejudice and belief indices varied by area of study and differences were observed in the mean values of beliefs, but not in those of prejudice, between freshmen and seniors. The importance of more investments is emphasized so that undergraduate students present lower levels of this type of prejudice when completing their respective courses.

Using internet predicts attitudes towards sexual behaviour in Italian psychology students

Purpose: The present research aimed to explore the impact of sexist humour on the acceptance of sexual aggression myths, with a specific focus on the moderating roles of the joke teller’s gender and cavalier humour beliefs (CHB). Methodology: A quantitative experimental design was used with a 2 (joke type: sexist, neutral) × 2 (joke teller’s gender: male, female) fully between subjects structure. A total of 308 Pakistani university students aged 18 to 29 were recruited through convenience and voluntary response sampling. Participants were presented with joke stimuli via an online Qualtrics survey and completed standardized measures assessing their humour beliefs and acceptance of sexual aggression myths. Findings: Contrary to the original hypothesis, exposure to sexist jokes compared to neutral jokes resulted in lower acceptance of sexual aggression myths. Additionally, participants with medium to high CHB found sexist jokes significantly more amusing when told by a female joke teller. These findings diverge from Western literature that typically reports reinforcing effects of sexist humour, and instead suggest a more complex relationship between humour, identity, and cultural context. In collectivist societies, such humour may activate moral reflection or critique rather than reinforcement of harmful beliefs. Unique Contribution to Theory, Policy and Practice: This research contributes new insights into how humour operates within a South Asian cultural framework. By demonstrating that sexist humour may, under certain conditions, reduce the acceptance of harmful myths, it challenges dominant theories developed in Western contexts. These findings offer practical implications for awareness campaigns and educational efforts in societies where humour is socially embedded. They also inform policy by emphasizing the importance of culturally grounded approaches to combating gender based prejudice.

We examine the familial experiences of 605 university students surrounding money, and their current beliefs and attitudes about money. A survey examined parental practices regarding money, gender beliefs about equal and unequal earnings, money as it relates to assessments of the self and others, current financial practices, and plans and expectations regarding future financial earnings. Gender comparisons of 12 factors revealed separate and distinct money socialization tracks for men compared to women. Parents were described as having a very different set of practices and expectations for sons and daughters, and the male and female students also sharply differed in a number of ways on their attitudes and behaviors regarding money. For males, money was positively valued. Females had a negative value for money. These money tracks were more sharply differentiated and positively associated among students from higher social classes.

The present study constructs and tests models that examine the relations between variables of "gender," "sex role stereotyping," and "adversarial sexual beliefs" on rape myth acceptance. The sample is 975 Chinese university students from seven universities in China. Measures include Chinese Rape Myth Acceptance (CRMA), Sex Role Stereotyping (SRS) Scale, and Adversarial Sexual Beliefs (ASB). We use structural equation modeling to investigate whether gender directly affects the acceptance of rape myth, or that these influences are mediated by SRS and ASB, after controlling for several demographic characteristics. Results suggest that SRS and ASB have a direct effect on rape myth acceptance. Gender has no direct effect on rape myth acceptance in three out of the four models, but it significantly (β = -.02, p < .05) predicts the acceptance of rape-violence myth. We also discuss the implications and limitations of the study.

The relevance of the problem posed in the article is determined by the role of psychological safety in the development of the individual against the background of the growth of securitization in modern society, the need to detect factors affecting it. The purpose of the study is to establish the nature of the relationship between cognitive variables and psychological safety of the individual, considering the gender. According to the hypothesis of the study, gender characteristics of the individual, determining the cognitive component of the individual's attitude to himself and to the world, affect psychological safety. The sample of the study included university students of Vladivostok (n=300, 60 – men, 240 – women, the average age is 19 years). Used methods: “Psychological safety of educational environment” (PSEE)” (Baeva I.A.), “Kiselev’s thermometer” (“gradusnik sostoi͡aniĭ”), (Kiselev Yu.Ya.), “Bem Sex-Role Inventory (BSRI)” (Bem S.), “World assumptions scale” (Yanov-Bulman R.) in the adaptation by Padun M. A., Kotelnikova A.V. with comparative, correlation, regression and factor analysis in the Python. The results show significant correlations between gender and basic beliefs of the individual (p≤0,001), safety of the educational environment, components of psychological safety (p≤0,001); stable influence of masculinity and femininity on the attitude of the individual to the world and to himself, on the components and characteristics of safety (determination coefficients – 0,5-0,6). Based on the study of data on psychological safety and basic beliefs of students, considering their gender traits, conclusions are made about the influence of gender on the cognitive component of safety. In general, gender characteristics and beliefs of an individual are important for psychological safety, although a strict determination was not identified in the study and requires further study. The influence of gender on beliefs about peace and safety is more pronounced in the feminine type than in the masculine type. The sense of safety of a person with feminine traits is largely due to her trust in others, faith in a good and fair world, and with masculine traits – the belief in her ability to control events.

The primary purpose of this study was to explore not only the effects of epistemic beliefs in science on science-text reading but also the gender differences in epistemic beliefs and the reading process. The interactions between gender and epistemic beliefs during reading were also explored. A total of 25 university students, 13 male and 12 female, were paid to participate in the study. The scientific epistemological beliefs (SEBs) questionnaire was used to probe the subjects’ epistemic beliefs in science, while the eye-tracking method was employed to record their science-text reading process. It was demonstrated that the participants in the study had developed sophisticated SEBs. Complicated SEBs were associated with higher cognitive attention to the reading of data-related information but less mental effort to fact, scientific explanations, and the microview photos. As for the gender difference, female students displayed less mental effort in comprehending scientific explanations, but attended more to data and the microview graphic. It is argued that female learners are better at processing textual information. Interactions between SEBs and gender were found and discussed.

Assessment of cardiovascular risk and social framework of Cape Verdean university students studying in Portugal