Abstract
There is an increasing market for locally grown malting barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) in the Northeast US. Malting barley must meet certain quality standards for acceptability in the brewing market. Up-to-date recommendations are needed regionally for adaptation to ongoing climate change. A two-year field experiment was conducted to assess the interactive influence of three dates of planting (5 September, 15 September, and 25 September), two levels of fall N (0 or 28 kg ha−1), and three levels of spring N (28, 50.5, and 73 kg ha−1). No significant difference was detected in grain yield amongst the treatments. The date of planting and fall N application mainly affected crop growth while spring N impacted grain quality. Delayed planting led to better winter survival and reduced lodging and foliar disease. Fall N application reduced winter survival for the early September planting but had minimal other agronomic impacts. An increased spring N application rate increased grain protein and lowered falling number, but there were no treatment differences in other quality parameters. Results indicated that late September planting, application of no fall N, and moderate spring N (28 kg ha−1) resulted in the highest agronomic N efficiency and grain quality for malting barley in Northeast.
Highlights
The results indicated that barley planting can be delayed until late September, providing more opportunity for summer crops or later termination of cover crops to achieve more ecological services
The loss of fall applied N resulted in 35% lower agronomic N use efficiency (ANE), when a low rate of N was applied in the spring after fall N application (Figure 1)
At higher rates of spring N, the overall ANE was not impacted as greatly by winter N losses since a much larger proportion of the overall N was applied in the spring
Summary
Regional malting and brewing businesses could offer opportunities for local sales and community connections, which can benefit farmers in multiple ways [5]. Since malt barley has still not been widely grown in the region [7], the best methods for producing malt quality crops have not been fully explored [1]. This is especially true in the case of winter barley, where variety selection is limited by inconsistent winter survival [8]. Winter barley offers several benefits over spring malt varieties in the Northeast. Winter barley can provide environmental benefits as a cover crop over the winter months [12]
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