Abstract
This chapter describes the properties of steam. It describes the conversion of water into steam. There are three stages in the conversion of water into superheated steam: (1) the temperature of the water is first raised to the boiling point, which varies with the pressure—sensible heat stage; (2) the conversion of water to steam at constant temperature and pressure—latent heat stage; and (3) by application of further heat, out of contact with water, for example, in a superheater, the temperature of the dry steam rises at constant pressure. This is the superheat stage and steam is then superheated. The degree of superheat is expressed as the temperature of the steam (in K) above the temperature of dry saturated steam at the same pressure. This superheat causes a marked temperature rise. Superheat is, therefore, sensible heat added to steam. Heating processes usually take place at a constant pressure, that is, the reversal of the boiling process. In all problems relating to work done by steam (in a heat engine), the pressure falls.
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