Data from Therapy-related Myeloid Neoplasms Following PARP Inhibitors: Real-life Experience

Abstract

<div>AbstractPurpose:<p>To provide insights into the diagnosis and management of therapy-related myeloid neoplasms (t-MN) following PARP inhibitors (PARPi).</p>Experimental Design:<p>In a French cancer center, we identified and described the profiles of 13 t-MN diagnosed among 37 patients with ovarian cancer referred to hematology consultation for cytopenia under PARPi. Next, we described these 13 t-MN post-PARPi among 37 t-MN post ovarian cancer according to PARPi exposure. Finally, we described 69 t-MN post-PARPi in a national cohort.</p>Results:<p>From 2016 to 2021, cumulative incidence of t-MN was 3.5% (13/373) among patients with ovarian cancer treated with PARPi. At time of hematologic consultation, patients with t-MN had a longer PARPi exposure (9 vs. 3 months, <i>P</i> = 0.01), lower platelet count (74 vs. 173 G/L, <i>P</i> = 0.0005), and more cytopenias (2 vs. 1, <i>P</i> = 0.0005). Compared with t-MN not exposed to PARPi, patients with t-MN-PARPi had more <i>BRCA1/2</i> germline mutation (61.5% vs. 0%, <i>P</i> = 0.03) but similar overall survival (OS). In the national cohort, most t-MN post-PARPi had a complex karyotype (61%) associated with a high rate of <i>TP53</i> mutation (71%). Median OS was 9.6 months (interquartile range, 4–14.6). In multivariate analysis, a longer time between end of PARPi and t-MN (HR, 1.046; <i>P</i> = 0.02), olaparib compared with other PARPi (HR, 5.82; <i>P</i> = 0.003) and acute myeloid leukemia (HR, 2.485; <i>P</i> = 0.01) were associated with shorter OS.</p>Conclusions:<p>In a large series, we described a high incidence of t-MN post-PARPi associated with unfavorable cytogenetic and molecular abnormalities leading to poor OS. Early detection is crucial, particularly in cases of delayed cytopenia.</p></div>