Data from Splicing Factor SRSF1 Promotes Pancreatitis and KRAS<sup>G12D</sup>-Mediated Pancreatic Cancer

Abstract

<div>Abstract<p>Inflammation is strongly associated with pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC), a highly lethal malignancy. Dysregulated RNA splicing factors have been widely reported in tumorigenesis, but their involvement in pancreatitis and PDAC is not well understood. Here, we report that the splicing factor SRSF1 is highly expressed in pancreatitis, PDAC precursor lesions, and tumors. Increased SRSF1 is sufficient to induce pancreatitis and accelerate KRAS<sup>G12D</sup>-mediated PDAC. Mechanistically, SRSF1 activates MAPK signaling—partly by upregulating interleukin 1 receptor type 1 (IL1R1) through alternative-splicing-regulated mRNA stability. Additionally, SRSF1 protein is destabilized through a negative feedback mechanism in phenotypically normal epithelial cells expressing KRAS<sup>G12D</sup> in mouse pancreas and in pancreas organoids acutely expressing KRAS<sup>G12D</sup>, buffering MAPK signaling and maintaining pancreas cell homeostasis. This negative feedback regulation of SRSF1 is overcome by hyperactive MYC, facilitating PDAC tumorigenesis. Our findings implicate SRSF1 in the etiology of pancreatitis and PDAC, and point to SRSF1-misregulated alternative splicing as a potential therapeutic target.</p>Significance:<p>We describe the regulation of splicing factor SRSF1 expression in the context of pancreas cell identity, plasticity, and inflammation. SRSF1 protein downregulation is involved in a negative feedback cellular response to KRAS<sup>G12D</sup> expression, contributing to pancreas cell homeostasis. Conversely, upregulated SRSF1 promotes pancreatitis and accelerates KRAS<sup>G12D</sup>-mediated tumorigenesis through enhanced IL1 and MAPK signaling.</p><p><i><a href="https://aacrjournals.org/cancerdiscovery/article/doi/10.1158/2159-8290.CD-13-7-ITI" target="_blank">This article is highlighted in the In This Issue feature, p. 1501</a></i></p></div>