DATA-DRIVEN TREND ANALYSIS ON SUSTAINABLE AND SMART MOBILITY IN ITALY

The current era of computing is witnessing a huge amount of data being generated with every passing moment. This massive data if nourished effectively can open new horizons for the computing world. The modern world is slowly but surely moving towards the automation age where every entity and object is being automated to perform desired tasks without the need of human interventions. This has made the lives of people more convenient and comfortable. Automation has taken over every single field of computing and even beyond. Smart mobility is one such example of automation wherein the users get real time information about the traffic conditions as well as alternate route suggestions in case of traffic jams. Transportation is considered as the backbone of every business. The automated intelligent transportation system (ITS) has completely transformed the way how people, goods and services are transported and is quite important for achieving sustainability. This paper provides an overview of the existing ITS system, concept of smart mobility and existing vulnerabilities in these systems. Their security concerns and scenarios are also analyzed. Furthermore, in this paper the importance and need for securing these intelligent systems is highlighted and future trends in ITS is also suggested. Although ITS and smart mobility technology are already providing convenient transportation and navigational facilities, there is still a huge scope to improve these facilities for the end users. The suggested future trends if integrated in an effective manner can provide exemplary means to provide state-of-the-art navigational facilities and smart mobility in a true sense.

The concept of smart mobility and tourism has evolved from a technology-driven approach to one that focuses on sustainable solutions to address economic, social, and environmental issues. The United Nations (UN) sustainable development goals (SDGs) provide a framework for measuring and tracking progress toward sustainability goals. Key performance indicators (KPIs) are a useful tool for measuring and tracking progress towards these goals, allowing for continuous monitoring and evaluation of progress, identification of areas for improvement, and directing targeted interventions. This research aims to develop an indicators-based framework to evaluate the sustainability of smart and sustainable mobility and tourism in rural areas. Rural areas have often been neglected, or at least less prioritized, in the sustainability development of the mobility sector. The study also seeks to identify the overlap of KPIs between rural tourism and mobility, and how improved green mobility services can enhance sustainable rural tourism. Smart mobility and tourism indicators have a strong mutual relationship in rural communities, driving economic development, improving the quality of life for residents and visitors, and creating more sustainable and livable communities. Smart mobility and tourism indicators also play a crucial role in supporting the UN SDGs by providing data and insights that can inform policy and decision-making. The results of this research conclude how the target and performance setting of projects on sustainable mobility and tourism in rural communities support each other, and how they support achieving SDGs.

The main purpose of this article is to identify and classify smart and sustainable urban mobility solutions in the context of three narratives for sustainable mobility: electromobility, collective transport 2.0 and low-mobility societies. The research process of this study included the following methods: review of the literature, namely, strategic European documents, sustainable urban mobility plans in chosen cities and scientific publications addressing smart and sustainable mobility, case studies of selected cities in Europe and technology mapping to visualize the study results. The main result of this study is the review of various smart and sustainable urban solutions (SSUM) and their classification within the three narratives of electromobility, collective transport 2.0 and low-mobility societies. This article expands the concept of the three narratives for sustainable mobility with the aspect of smart mobility enriched with the variety of example solutions, case studies and good practices within mobility strategies in European cities. The study results can be useful for different stakeholders engaged in developing and introducing the sustainable mobility strategies in cities. Based on the catalogue of SSUM solutions, presented case studies and good practices, they may gain the necessary knowledge, consider the possible initiatives towards green transformation in cities and finally adjust them to the citizens’ need.

The smart city concept is being viewed as part of the urban future, integrating technological advances, multi-sectorial collaboration, and innovative open markets with strategic goals and ambitions to achieve sustainable urban development. Smart mobility is considered a vital element of the smart city, given that urban transport systems should become more efficient and sustainable. With this in mind, we raise the question: how sustainable is smart mobility? To answer this, we review smart city strategies and measures of fourteen mid-sized cities of the Nordic Smart Cities Network, identifying smart mobility goals together with proposed or implemented mobility measures. We evaluate how they align with sustainable mobility and how effective they are with the help of two analytical frameworks: a) the EU’s Sustainable Urban Mobility Planning (SUMP) objectives and b) the S.M.A.R.T. objectives. In doing so, we assess to which degree smart mobility strategies and measures in Nordic smart cities contribute to sustainable urban mobility and development, and how they contribute to achieving sustainable and smart city goals in terms of feasibility and accountability. The study reveals that measures mainly address the SUMP objectives relating to efficiency and environment, with little focus on inclusive and safe mobility planning that caters to attractive cities and high quality of urban life. Another finding is that smart mobility measures are relatively conventional, and their goals and ambitions are often stated on an abstract level and rarely measurable with specific indicators. Thus, there seems to be a lack of feasibility and accountability related to smart mobility measures, as well as a lack of focus on social sustainability.

Objectives: The paper aims to define the specific characteristics of the smart, sustainable urban mobility, with a focus on the urban development discourse in Hungary. Prior work: Smart mobility has traditionally been a central topic in the discourse on smart cities. In recent years, however, related scientific publications and EU/Member State policies have increasingly focused on the contribution of (smart) urban mobility to sustainability. Accordingly, this research draws on the latest literature and policies concerning smart, sustainable urban mobility. Approach: The paper primarily employs the content analysis method developed by Klaus Krippendorff, combined with some elements from the discourse analysis toolkit. Using this method, the terms “smart”, “sustainability” and “(urban) mobility” are analysed in documents representative of local-level discourse on urban mobility in Hungary. These documents include sustainable urban mobility plans (SUMPs) and sustainable urban development strategies (SUDSs) from the most significant Hungarian cities. Results: Higher-level policies have a significant, albeit non-deterministic, impact on municipalities in Hungary. This is most evident in the case of the 'smart” dimension: municipalities that were more committed to participating in the smart, sustainable urban mobility discourse (i. e. those with SUMPs) have adapted to a broader, management-centred, value- and interest-driven approach inspired by EU policies, rather than to the traditional technology-oriented approach. The situation is less clear with regard to the “sustainability” and '(urban) mobility” dimensions. In these latter cases, there was a greater scope for local interpretations of the terms. Implications/value: The paper is intended to provide guidance not only to researchers but also to practitioners, such as local stakeholders preparing or reviewing their SUMPs. In particular, it can help to align the concept of smart, sustainable urban mobility with academic standards, higher-level political expectations and local characteristics.

This paper is dedicated to sustainability and smart mobility in universities. In the recent period called Industry 4.0, digital technologies require the overall society to change. Studying the impact of smart society, in general, and of its components such as smart mobility has become increasingly crucial. This article fills the literature gap discussing smart mobility from a socio-economic perspective with the aim of better understanding the state-of-art of this phenomenon as well as to contribute to the debate about smartness in universities. Using a multi-case approach, it suggests a new way of analyzing smart mobility from a socio-economic perspective, in order to investigate the strategies and the best practices in the Italian context.

In the debate on smart cities it is widely shared that smart mobility plays a key role, as (i) is one of the most important facilities to support the functioning of the urban area, (ii) produces several negative impacts (such as: pollution, traffic, street congestion), (iii) allows to use broadly ICT to improve its efficiency. ICTs help transportation managers deliver the most dynamic, flexible and cost effective transport options and contribute to achieve cities' climate targets by lowering energy use and greenhouse gas emissions. Nevertheless, if the current ICT use puts forward many opportunities for developing a more sustainable mobility system, it also raises many challenges. For instance, it is difficult to measure the real effectiveness of these solutions, if not in terms of the consensus achieved by the local authorities and in budget increase of seller companies. Furthermore, ICTs need sophisticated management systems and have operating costs which seem to be not comparable with the benefits that they provide for. According to this backdrop, EU in the latest communication on ITS (EC, 2013) underlines that "despite a high number of technical solutions and mature applications the uptake of ITS applications is fragmented and large differences between cities remain". In this framework, the aim of the paper is to analyze how Italian cities are interpreting the topic of Smart Mobility, with particular attention to the use of new technologies in urban mobility. According to scientific literature review, a set of indicators was identified and organized into three categories representing the main aspects of Smart Mobility: ICT, Sustainability and Accessibility. This set was applied to the Italian small and medium sized provincial capitals with a population from 50.000 to 250.000 inhabitants in 2016. Lastly, a graphic and synthetic representation of the collected data has been developed, in order to give an easy overview of Italian cities regards Smart Mobility characteristics. The analysis showed that the use of ICTs mainly concerns the introduction of devices and sensors for improving performance of transport system and information to users, as well as the promotion of a more sustainable mobility. The spread of ICTs in most of the cities appears still unsatisfactory: Italian cities are oriented towards a more sustainable and accessible urban mobility model rather than a smart one. Indeed, ICT solutions for Smart Mobility seem to represent isolated initiatives, without indispensable scientific and disciplinary quality criteria. Furthermore, ICT initiatives are not included in shared and coordinated strategies integrated with the urban transformation governance, as part of a global policy framework, such as SUMPs. Therefore, to ensure that mobility can be "smart" and sustainable in order to improve the quality of life, a more integrated approach is required in order to consider the complex trade-offs between city and mobility. Smart Mobility means not just about using ITCs, but being able to function as an integral part of a larger system that also regards participation and urban quality.

Purpose: to formulate the general conception of sustainable mobility management in modern cities based on an analysis of the main approaches to the management of the development of sustainable mobility.Methods: the study is based on the application of systems analysis methods. The analysis is based on open sources information such as scientific articles, legal and regulatory acts, official strategic planning documents, analytical and methodical materials of Russian and international conferences. The article also includes the results of the author's empirical research conducted.Results: an analysis of the development of sustainable transport mobility in large cities and current strategies for its further formation was carried out. It allowed identifying the main elements of the conceptual model of the development of transport mobility. The research defines the structure of an adaptive system for sustainable mobility management, which would form a basis for developing a sustainable mobility concept to effectively organize various stakeholders' cooperation.Conclusions and Relevance: local solutions for transportation mobility may not be practical or can lead to a conflict of interests. That calls for the complex approach to forming sustainable mobility as a feature of a city transportation system to satisfy the demand for mobility to increase the quality of life in the cities. The conceptual basis for the development of sustainable mobility consists of goal setting, planning, collaboration, implementation, usage.The effective management of sustainable mobility can be achieved by implementing digital analytical platforms, working as a single ecosystem. Developing such an ecosystem can be time-consuming and directly influenced by technological, infrastructural, legal, and economic factors. The most urgent is to redesign the existing mobility patterns to achieve the environmental goals, the higher quality of life of city residents, the engagement of different stakeholders in sustainable mobility development.

The main purpose of the paper is to identify the factors determining the implementation of sustainable and smart urban mobility (SSUM) solutions. The authors conducted deep desk research of European Union strategic documents, national and local plans of sustainable and smart mobility in cities, enriched with scientific literature review and practical case studies of implemented projects. Based on the results of desk research, literature review, STEEPVL analysis was used to classify factors and the method of mind mapping to visualize main results. The main results of the research is identification and classification of factors determining the implementation of SSUM solutions into seven dimensions: social, technological, economic, environmental, political, values and legal factors. Moreover, selected examples of failures in the implementation of smart and sustainable mobility solutions are presented. The study results may contribute to identifying the driving forces of its SSUM success and potential inhibitors. Thanks to STEEPVL analysis, the large number of identified factors was sort out and classified into seven groups. The outcomes of the study may comprise introduction to the complete STEEPVL analysis which involves verification of the factors by experts, characteristics of the factors, assessment of their importance and predictability as well as development of scenarios of SSUM development. The study has practical implications as the research results provide decision-makers and academic researchers with valuable insights into fundamental aspects that drive cities to undertake smart mobility initiatives.

Benchmarking sustainable urban mobility: The case of Curitiba, Brazil

Over the last few decades, the urban transport planning framework has changed significantly towards sustainable mobility planning. It brings new requirements for the education of transport experts. In the paper, we discuss the future of academic education concerning these changes based on case studies of two prestigious technical faculties in Germany and Poland and a social science faculty in Czechia offering study programmes related to sustainable urban mobility planning. We applied a self-assessment questionnaire to investigate how the study programmes prepare future mobility managers and present the concept of sustainable mobility to students. Our results show that the existing study programmes do not cover all steps of sustainable urban mobility plan development. We identified a few gaps common to the technical and social science faculties, such as consensus-seeking knowledge and methods, monitoring and evaluation tools and approaches, and the development of soft skills (presentation and communication skills and stakeholder involvement techniques).

This study aims to identify in the scientific literature works related to innovative strategies in the planning of sustainable urban mobility. We sought relevant scientific productions in the Web of Science™ and Scopus databases. After the analysis, and based on the literature review hereby developed, there is still no common ground on the concept of sustainable urban mobility, but it is true that if nothing is done in time, the quality of life in urban city spaces will be unsustainable. Challenges to achieving sustainable mobility are complex, as they involve changes in thinking, innovation strategies, using and planning of urban logistics.

PurposeThe aim of this study is to propose a governance model and key performance indicators on how policymakers can contribute to a more accessible, inclusive and sustainable mobility within and across smart cities to examine sustainable urban mobility grounded on the rational management of public transportation infrastructure.Design/methodology/approachThis study employed desk research methodology grounded on secondary data from existing documents and previous research to develop a sustainable mobility governance model that explores key factors that influence future urban policy development. The collected secondary data was descriptively analyzed to provide initiatives and elements needed to achieve sustainable mobility services in smart cities.FindingsFindings from this study provide evidence on how cities can benefit from the application of data from different sources to provide value-added services to promote integrated and sustainable mobility. Additionally, findings from this study discuss the role of smart mobility for sustainable services and the application for data-driven initiatives toward sustainable smart cities to enhance mobility interconnectivity, accessibility and multimodality. Findings from this study identify technical and non-technical factors that impact the sustainable mobility transition.Practical implicationsPractically, this study advocates for the use of smart mobility and data-driven services in smart cities to improve commuters' behavior aimed at long-term behavior change toward sustainable mobility by creating awareness on the society and supporting policymakers for informed decisions. Implications from this study provide information that supports policymakers and municipalities to implement data-driven mobility services.Social implicationsThis study provides implications toward behavioral change of individuals to adopt a more sustainable mode of travels, increase citizens’ quality of life, improve economic viability of business involved in providing mobility-related services and support decision-making for municipalities and policymakers during urban planning and design by incorporating the sustainability dimension into their present and future developments.Originality/valueThis paper explores how urban transportation can greatly reduce greenhouse gas emissions and provides implications for cities to improve accessibility and sustainability of public transportation, while simultaneously promoting the adoption of more environmentally friendly means of mobility within and across cities. Besides, this study provides a detailed discussion focusing on the potential opportunities and challenges faced in urban environment in achieving sustainable mobility. The governance model developed in this study can also be utilized by technology startups and transportation companies to assess the factors that they need to put in place or improve for the provision of sustainable mobility services.

This article analyses the impact of European Union policy on sustainable development and the development of Sustainable mobility in Ukraine. The legislative postulates of Europe, which encourage other countries to act by them, are analysed. According to the European Green Course, one of the primary documents is the European Green Agreement. Scientific sources of recent years have been analysed. The world trends of ecological transport, and the problems of the less developed countries of Europe, which they face with increased requirements and control over the implementation of transportation, are highlighted. The concepts of intelligent transport system, robotic city, smart city were also introduced. The prospects of Europe until 2050, according to the European Green Deal, are described. The article is also about social sustainability, a dynamic concept of design that contributes to strengthening the physical sphere with the design of the social world and the development of infrastructure to support social needs and problems. Problems that can be faced due to the desire of the population to live in cities are given. The indices and sub-indices of the world’s readiness for Sustainable mobility have been determined. The research of some authors on the problems of the development of sustainable mobility in Ukraine is presented. The first part of the article presents legislative and practical aspects of sustainable development and mobility. Ukraine has adopted the path of movement towards the EU. Therefore, it joins the environmental protection initiatives both at the legislative level and in practical implementation. The author proposed a block diagram of the sustainability achievement by the Ukraine cities through EU policy. Examples of implementing the concept of Sustainable mobility in the cities of Ukraine are given, and the advantages of using public transport in the city, as opposed to a private vehicle, are shown. The results of the survey show the readiness of the population of Ukraine for Sustainable Living and Sustainable Urban Mobility. Citizens’ opinions about their ecological way of life and recommendations of expected actions from the city authorities were received. The conclusions provide possible pro-government actions for effectively implementing the European sustainable development and mobility concepts .

In recent years, various authorities launched projects that aim to make their cities more age-friendly. Designing age-friendly cities is a complex and context-dependent process that requires clear implementation guidelines for policy makers. As one of the eight domains of age-friendly cities, transportation is a critical component of making our cities more liveable for older adults and their families. This paper contributes to the literature by exploring the travel behaviour of older adults with a focus on the factors that lead to sustainable mobility patterns. Our empirical analysis is based on survey data collected from 1,221 older adults as part of the Age-Friendly Columbus project in Columbus, Ohio in the United States of America. We develop multinomial logistic regression models to investigate the travel mode choices of older adults (auto only, non-auto options only and multimodal (auto and at least one non-auto option)). We include age and built environment characteristics as the key variables, with lifestyle-related factors and socio-demographics as controls in our analysis. We find older respondents were more likely to use autos only compared to younger respondents. Our analysis also reveals significant associations between built environment characteristics and travel mode choices. Interaction effects show that the relationships between built environment characteristics and travel preferences differed by age cohorts among older individuals. The primary contribution of this study is that it provides evidence on what built environmental improvements help to promote sustainable travel among older adults in mid-sized and auto-dependent metropolitan cities. We argue that these improvements contribute to older adults' sustainable mobility, as well as out-of-home activity behaviour, social engagement and individual health. The results of this study may especially benefit non-driver older adults who lack reliable non-auto alternatives for their daily travel.