Abstract
This work evaluated the performance of double-stage integrated filtration systems using membranes. The integrated systems comprise the sequential use of microfiltration (MF) plus nanofiltration (NF) and MF plus reverse osmosis (RO) under different pressures for treating dairy wastewater. The MF+NF system reduced 100% turbidity, 96% color, 58% total Kjeldahl nitrogen (TKN) and 51% chemical oxygen demand. The MF+RO system reduced 100% turbidity, 100% color, 94% TKN and 84% total organic carbon. Therefore, the MF+RO system was more efficient to retain total solids and organic matter. The performance of the systems was also evaluated in terms of permeate flux under 1 and 2bar (MF membrane) and under 20 and 30bar (NF or RO membranes). Overall, a flux decline was observed in the first 30min. Thereafter, the flux remained relatively constant until 60min. The retention was higher in lower pressures, enabling a more purified permeate wastewater that could be disposed of in receiving water according to the Brazilian environmental regulations or reused in Cleaning In Place systems.
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