Abstract
BackgroundDairy products are major components of daily diet and the association between consumption of dairy products and public health issues has captured great attention. In this study, we conducted a meta-analysis to investigate the association between dairy products intake and cancer mortality risk.MethodsAfter a literature search in PubMed and EMBASE, 11 population-based cohort studies involving 778,929 individuals were considered eligible and included in the analyses. Data were extracted and the association between dairy products intake and cancer mortality risk was estimated by calculating pooled relative risks (RRs) and corresponding 95 % confidence intervals (CIs). Sensitivity analyses and subgroup analyses based on regions, genders and dairy types were performed as well. Potential dose–response relationship was further explored by adopting the generalized least squares (GLST) method.ResultsTotal dairy products intake was not associated with all cancer mortality risk, with the pooled RR of 0.99 (95 % CI 0.92–1.07, p = 0.893). Subgroup analyses showed that the pooled RRs were 0.97 (95 % CI 0.92–1.03, p = 0.314) for milk, 0.88 (95 % CI 0.71–1.10, p = 0.271) for yogurt, 1.23 (95 % CI 0.94–1.61, p = 0.127) for cheese and 1.13 (95 % CI 0.89–1.44, p = 0.317) for butter in male and female, however the pooled RR was 1.50 (95 % CI 1.03–2.17, p = 0.032) for whole milk in male, which was limited to prostate cancer. Further dose–response analyses were performed and we found that increase of whole milk (serving/day) induced elevated prostate cancer mortality risk significantly, with the RR of 1.43 (95 % CI 1.13–1.81, p = 0.003).ConclusionsTotal dairy products intake have no significant impact on increased all cancer mortality risk, while low total dairy intake even reduced relative risk based on the non-linear model. However, whole milk intake in men contributed to elevated prostate cancer mortality risk significantly. Furthermore, a linear dose–response relationship existed between increase of whole milk intake and increase of prostate cancer mortality risk.
Highlights
Dairy products are major components of daily diet and the association between consumption of dairy products and public health issues has captured great attention
Wang’s study and Kojima’s study were all from Japan Collaborative Cohort Study, and Wang focused on the correlation between milk consumption and all cancer mortality, while Kojima focused on the relationship between different types of dairy products consumption and colorectal cancer mortality
The current analyses showed that higher total dairy, milk, yogurt, butter and skim/low-fat milk intake was not associated with increased cancer mortality risk, Dose–response analyses To begin with, the non-linear model between total dairy products intake and cancer mortality risk was constructed and χ2 test was used for model significance verification, which revealed the existence of a non-linear association between them (χ2 = 8.98, p = 0.030)
Summary
Dairy products are major components of daily diet and the association between consumption of dairy products and public health issues has captured great attention. We conducted a meta-analysis to investigate the association between dairy products intake and cancer mortality risk. Dairy products are major components of daily diet and due to their abundant nutrient elements such as protein, fat, minerals and vitamins, they are listed as core parts of dietary recommendation worldwide [1]. The proportion of dairy consumption was steadily increasing in several countries such as Japan since the past few decades [2]. Due to the large amount of dairy products intake in. It was universally acknowledged that dairy products intake was closely related to certain health issues. Nutrients from dairy products were beneficial for chronic diseases such as cancer.
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