Abstract
The importance of sun exposure on human health is well recognized, and a recent trend in the avoidance of sun exposure has led to the risk of missing the beneficial effects such as vitamin D3 biogenesis. Vitamin D3 insufficiency is one of the risk factors for the development of food allergies (FAs), and vitamin D3 status controls gut homeostasis by modulating the microbiota. This study aimed to explore the impact of daily full spectrum light exposure (phototherapy) on the pathogenesis of FAs. Phototherapy ameliorated allergic diarrhea and improved FA-associated vitamin D3 insufficiency and dysbiosis. Fecal microbiota transplantation (FMT) of FA donor feces induced allergic diarrhea with OVA-specific IgE elevation in naïve mice. In contrast, FMT of naïve donor feces ameliorated allergic diarrhea in established FA mice, suggesting the involvement of the microbiota composition in FA. Phototherapy is an alternative approach for the prevention of FA-like allergic diarrhea through the modulation of vitamin D3 status and microbiota composition.
Highlights
Food allergies (FAs) are common in children and adults, and the prevalence of FAs has increased dramatically in the past few decades in westernized countries[1]
Phototherapy could maintain these levels to some extent. These results suggest the involvement of intestinal vitamin D biosynthesis and a VDRmediated mechanism of action of endogenous vitamin D3 in the amelioration of FA-like allergic diarrhea by phototherapy
We further explored the impact of phototherapy on the intestinal level of the pro-Th2 cytokines IL-25, IL-33, and thymic stromal lymphopoietin (TSLP), which are primarily produced by epithelial cells upon allergen challenge and associated with FA36
Summary
Food allergies (FAs) are common in children and adults, and the prevalence of FAs has increased dramatically in the past few decades in westernized countries[1]. There are several theories explaining the increase in FAs, including (1) changes in our food system (e.g., the introduction of genetically modified organisms, the addition of numerous chemicals to our food), (2) the hygiene hypothesis, (3) epigenetics, and (4) delayed allergen exposure[3,4,5,6,7]. The negative correlation between the amount of sun exposure immediately after birth and food sensitization[11] as well as the higher frequency of autumn–winter births in FA patients[12] strongly suggest the significance of sun exposure and vitamin D3 generation in the prevention of FA. There have been many public health recommendations to avoid UV radiation exposure, which may cause significant harm to public health due to vitamin D3 insufficiency[15]
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