Abstract
BackgroundAcquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) is a clinical syndrome resulting from infection with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), which causes profound immunosuppression. Anti-HIV drugs that are currently available are chemically synthesized and are frequently limited by side effects, the emergence of drug resistance, affordability, and availability, with over 5 million people in the world lacking access to treatment. As a result, to discover new anti-HIV agents, we investigated the effects of Kenyan C. dichogamus extracts on the laboratory-adapted strain HIV-1IIIB in human T-lymphocytic MT-4 cells.MethodsFour soluble fractions of 1:1 v/v CH2Cl2:MeOH extract of the twigs of C. dichogamus Pax were tested for their replication inhibition activity against the laboratory-adapted strain HIV-1IIIB in the human T-lymphocytic MT-4 cell line. The plant extracts were further evaluated for their cytotoxicity in MT-4 cells using the MTT assay.ResultsThe cytotoxicity CC50 values of the methanol and methylene chloride soluble fractions of C. dichogamus were found to be between 19.58 ± 0.79 and 167 ± 0.8 µg/ml, respectively. The hexane, methylene chloride, and methanol soluble fractions of the 1:1 v/v CH2Cl2:MeOH extract of the twigs of C. dichogamus showed inhibition of the HIV-1IIIB laboratory-adapted strain in a virus-infected cell culture antiviral assay. The methanol soluble fraction of the 1:1 v/v CH2Cl2:MeOH extract of the twigs of C. dichogamus showed significant anti-HIV activity by inhibiting more than 90% of viral-induced cytopathic effects with an IC50 value of 0.06 ± 0.01 µg/ml, giving an SI of 318.5.ConclusionBased on our findings, the methanol soluble fraction of the 1:1 v/v CH2Cl2:MeOH extract of the twigs of C. dichogamus has shown potential efficacy in inhibiting viral replication and could be considered a promising candidate for further studies.
Highlights
Acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) is a clinical syndrome resulting from infection with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), which causes profound immunosuppression
Acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) is one of the most severe diseases, with approximately 38 million people infected with human immunodeficiency virus
Cytotoxicity test Four solvent fractions of twigs of C. dichogamus were examined for their ability to inhibit Human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) replication
Summary
Acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) is a clinical syndrome resulting from infection with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), which causes profound immunosuppression. Acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) is one of the most severe diseases, with approximately 38 million people infected with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV-1) [1]. HIV drug resistance and side effects are becoming increasingly common, as well as the need for long-term antiviral treatment, the development of new anti-HIV agents is becoming increasingly necessary [3]. Terefe et al BMC Complementary Medicine and Therapies (2022) 22:49 metabolic pathways of HIV infection, should prove beneficial. It appears that searching for natural substances may be a more effective strategy for discovering novel antivirals with lower cytotoxicity (s) [4]
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