Abstract
Objective: This study aimed to evaluate the cytotoxic activity of the extracts and fractions of Eriocaulon cinereum against HeLa and Vero cell lines,which represent cervical cancer and normal cells, respectively. In addition, a phytochemical screening was carried out to determine the chemicalconstituents in the extracts and the active fractions.Materials and Methods: The extracts of E. cinereum were obtained by ultrasound-assisted extraction method using n-hexane, ethyl acetate, andmethanol, successively. The active extract was fractionated using vacuum liquid chromatography with dichloromethane followed by ethyl acetate. Thecytotoxic activity was evaluated by 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide assay method and was measured using microplatereader at the wavelength 595 nm. The data were analyzed with PROBIT from SPSS 16 for Windows®. In addition, phytochemical screening wasperformed using standard procedures.Results: The cytotoxic evaluation of the extracts of E. cinereum showed that the ethyl acetate extract was the most active extract against HeLa cell linewith the half maximal inhibitory concentration (IC50) value of 580.07 μg/ml. The dichloromethane and ethyl acetate fractions from the active extractof E. cinereum exhibited cytotoxic activity against HeLa cell with the IC50 values of 466.61 μg/ml and 267.34 μg/ml, respectively. In addition, the ethylacetate fraction showed a low cytotoxic effect against Vero cell line. The phytochemical screening of the ethyl acetate fraction indicated the presenceof terpenoids and alkaloids.Conclusion: This finding revealed the anticancer potential of E. cinereum and warranted further investigation for the discovery of new anticanceragents from natural resources for cervical cancer.
Highlights
Cervical cancer is a cancer commonly caused by the human papilloma virus
The cytotoxic evaluation of the extracts of E. cinereum showed that the ethyl acetate extract was the most active extract against HeLa cell line with the half maximal inhibitory concentration (IC50) value of 580.07 μg/ml
Cytotoxicity activity To evaluate the cytotoxic activity of the extracts, the MTT assay was conducted and the IC50 values of the extracts were determined by measuring the concentration of the extract that caused 50% of cell population death
Summary
Cervical cancer is a cancer commonly caused by the human papilloma virus. While in Indonesia, according to the data from the Ministry of Health of the Republic of Indonesia, the prevalence of cervical cancer is 0.8% of the total population of Indonesia [2]. Cervical cancer is one of the priorities for the Indonesian Ministry of Health in terms of combating cancer. The most common therapy for patients with cervical cancer is a surgery together with a radiotherapy for the early stage of cancer or a combination of radiotherapy and chemotherapy for advanced stage. The drugs commonly used for chemotherapy in the treatment of cervical cancer include cisplatin, carboplatin, paclitaxel, topotecan, and gemcitabine [3,4,5,6,7]. Chemotherapy will cause unwanted side effects such as nausea, vomiting, hair loss, mouth sores, fatigue, and appetite loss [8]
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