Abstract
The Cimicomorpha is one of the largest and highly diversified infraorders of the Heteroptera. This group is also highly diversified cytogenetically and demonstrates a number of unusual cytogenetic characters such as holokinetic chromosomes; m-chromosomes; multiple sex chromosome systems; post-reduction of sex chromosomes in meiosis; variation in the presence/absence of chiasmata in spermatogenesis; different types of achiasmate meiosis. We present here a review of essential cytogenetic characters of the Cimicomorpha and outline the chief objectives and goals of future investigations in the field.
Highlights
The Heteroptera, or true bugs, are a diversified group of insects displaying a number of unusual and sometimes unique cytogenetic characters such as holokinetic chromosomes, m-chromosomes, multiple sex chromosome systems, sex chromosome postreduction and occasionally pre-reduction in male meiosis, variation in the presence/absence of chiasmata in spermatogenesis, different types of achiasmate meiosis and oth-Copyright V
The predomination of the karyotype 2n=18(16+XY) discovered in 11 species and 4 genera has led to the hypothesis that it is the plesiomorphic condition in the family, and other chromosome numbers represent apomorphic characters (Leston 1957; Ueshima 1979, Thomas 1996, Kuznetsova and Maryańska-Nadachowska 2000)
Within Cimicomorpha, B-chromosomes were described in 12 species, namely, Triatoma longipennis Usinger, 1939, Mepraia gajardoi Frias, Henry and Gonzalez, 1998, and M. spinolai Porter, 1934 from the family Reduviidae (Pérez et al 2004, Panzera et al 2010); Orthocephalus funestus Jakovlev 1881 from the Miridae (Takenouchi and Muramoto 1972b), Acalypta parvula (Fallén, 1807) and Stephanitis oberti (Kolenati, 1857) from the Tingidae (Grozeva and Nokkala 2001); Nabis rugosus (Linnaeus, 1758), N. brevis Scholtz, 1847, N. ericetorum Scholtz, 1847, and N. pseudoferus Remane, 1949 from the Nabidae s.str. (Grozeva and Nokkala 2003); Paracimex borneensis Usinger, 1959 and P. capitatus Usinger, 1966 from the Cimicidae (Ueshima 1966b)
Summary
The Heteroptera, or true bugs, are a diversified group of insects displaying a number of unusual and sometimes unique cytogenetic characters such as holokinetic chromosomes, m-chromosomes, multiple sex chromosome systems, sex chromosome postreduction and occasionally pre-reduction in male meiosis, variation in the presence/absence of chiasmata in spermatogenesis, different types of achiasmate meiosis and oth-Copyright V. The predomination of the karyotype 2n=18(16+XY) discovered in 11 species and 4 genera has led to the hypothesis that it is the plesiomorphic condition in the family, and other chromosome numbers represent apomorphic characters (Leston 1957; Ueshima 1979, Thomas 1996, Kuznetsova and Maryańska-Nadachowska 2000).
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