Abstract
The antitrypanosomal drug Diminazene aceturate (Berenil) was investigated to assess its genotoxic effect through different cytogenetic parameters. Male swiss mice were intraperitoneal (i.p.) injected with therapeutically relevant doses 3.5, 7 and 10.5 mg kg−1 b.wt. for 1, 3, 5 consecutive days. Berenil increased frequencies of micronucleus in polychromatic erythrocytes especially with high and repeated doses, indicating an aneugenic action. Moreover, marrow toxicity was observed as indicated by significant percentage of chromosome aberrations in bone-marrow cells at all treatment doses. Gaps, fragments and breaks were found to be the most sensitive types of structural aberrations. Polyploidy is a characterized phenomenon of numerical aberrations in treated somatic cells. With respect to germ cells Berenil at the same doses induced high significant percentage of chromosome aberrations (P<0.01) in lry spermatocytes after i.p. treatment with 10.5 mg kg−1 b.wt. for 3 and 5 consecutive days. However, Berenil showed a low influence on sperm abnormalities. Percentage was significant at low level (P<0.05) after the treatment with the highest dose. In conclusion, the different cytogenetic parameters indicate its genotoxic effect on the genome of somatic and germ cells especially at multiple doses.
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