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Abstract
This study aimed to assess the cyclic fatigue resistance of Genius and EdgeFile X1 reciprocating instruments compared with WaveOne Gold Primary. Twenty Genius (Ultradent) 25.04, 20 Genius 30.04, 20 EdgeFile X1 (EdgeEndo) and 20 WaveOne Gold Primary (Dentsply Maillefer) instruments were included in this study and tested in a static cyclic fatigue testing device, which has an artificial stainless steel canal with a 60° angle of curvature and a 5-mm radius of curvature. All instruments were operated in reciprocation mode until fracture occurred. The number of cycles to failure (NCF) was calculated and time to fracture (TF) was recorded in seconds using a digital chronometer. The mean and standard deviations of NCF and TF were calculated for each reciprocating system and the data were subjected to Kruskal-Wallis one-way analysis of variance and to Dunn's test (p < .05) using SigmaPlot software (Systat software, CA, USA). The fractured surfaces of five instruments from each brand were randomly examined and microphotographed by a low-vacuum environmental scanning electron microscopy - SEM (Tabletop Microscope TM3030, Hitachi, Japan) to confirm the cyclic fatigue fracture. EdgeFile exhibited the highest cyclic fatigue resistance, followed by both Genius files (p < .05). Within the limitations of this in vitro study, EdgeFile X1 instruments had significantly higher cyclic fatigue resistance than did Genius and WaveOne Gold Primary instruments. The cyclic fatigue resistance of both Genius files was higher than that of WaveOne Gold Primary.
Highlights
Endodontic instruments manufactured with nickel-titanium (NiTi) were introduced by Walia et al.[1] to improve the instrumentation of curved canals, once NiTi instruments are more flexible and have superior resistance to torsional fracture compared with the rigidity of stainless steel instruments, reducing canal transportation.[2,3] In addition, operator fatigue, procedural errors, and length of root canal treatment[4] are reduced, improving the quality of endodontic therapy for both the professional and the patient.Despite the advantages of NiTi, fracture incidence is the most common failure that occurs during its use[5] as a result of flexural or torsional strength, Braz
Genius 30.04, 20 EdgeFile X1 (EdgeEndo) and 20 WaveOne Gold Primary (Dentsply Maillefer) instruments were included in this study and tested in a static cyclic fatigue testing device, which has an artificial stainless steel canal with a 60o angle of curvature and a 5-mm radius of curvature
The mean and standard deviations of number of cycles to failure (NCF) and to fracture (TF) were calculated for each reciprocating system and the data were subjected to Kruskal-Wallis one-way analysis of variance and to Dunn’s test (p < .05) using SigmaPlot software (Systat software, CA, USA)
Summary
Endodontic instruments manufactured with nickel-titanium (NiTi) were introduced by Walia et al.[1] to improve the instrumentation of curved canals, once NiTi instruments are more flexible and have superior resistance to torsional fracture compared with the rigidity of stainless steel instruments, reducing canal transportation.[2,3] In addition, operator fatigue, procedural errors, and length of root canal treatment[4] are reduced, improving the quality of endodontic therapy for both the professional and the patient. Despite the advantages of NiTi, fracture incidence is the most common failure that occurs during its use[5] as a result of flexural or torsional strength, Braz. Several studies have shown that reciprocating motion enhances cyclic fatigue resistance compared to rotation motion,[10,11,12] making reciprocating instruments safer than rotary ones for root canal shaping
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