Abstract
The development of social media in Indonesia today enters a new phase. Social media is no longer used to obtain and disseminate information or entertainment, but it is also used to attack someone’s personality. Through slander and hoax information, character assassination is carried out on individuals. This study seeks to portray the negative effects of social media, especially related to cyber violence, character assassination through cyberbullying. This study focuses on cyberbullying of Muslim leaders (ulama) on social media. This abuse can be said as a model of killing new characters towards someone's character in the new public sphere. Through the data of the status, comments, tweets, and memes on Facebook and Twitter, this study found that cyberbullying occurred through social media towards ulama was perpetuated by other Islamic groups, which have different political attitudes and choices. In other words, abuse is the fruit of ideological and political wars, which occur both in the real world and in cyberspace. There is a shift in the Indonesian Muslim community which was previously known to be very respectful to their ulama, and currently they are bold to bully their religious leaders This is a symptom of ambiguity from the conservative turn issue. Norms, traditions, and ethics of the community that shows conservative symptoms, actually show resistance to the values of the conservative community. There are two opposing faces:in one place, these accounts display godliness, but in other places, they show the opposite.
Highlights
Information and communication technology (ICT) has a positive impact to enhance today’s communication system and harms relationships between individuals
This study found that social media accounts that carry out cyberbullying against Muslim leaders, in their posts, show symptoms of thick verbal piety
It's easy to find cyberbullying data on social media, especially on Muslim leaders who often appear in public
Summary
Information and communication technology (ICT) has a positive impact to enhance today’s communication system and harms relationships between individuals. Quraish Shihab (prominent scholar and former of the Minister of Religious Affairs); Said Aqil Siradj (Chairman of the Nahdlatul Ulama [NU]) who was beset by Shia accusations; Ali Mustafa Yaqub (former of the Grand Imam of Istiqlal Mosque) was afflicted with Wahhabi accusations; Mustafa Bisri (former of the Nahdlatul Ulama Chairman) and Syafi'i Maarif (former of the Muhammadiyah Chairman) was troubled about his support of Ahok; Azyumardi Azra (prominent scholar) and Nasarudin Umar (the Grand Imam of Istiqlal Mosque) was dogged by accusations of JIL (Jaringan Islam Liberal; the Network of Islam Liberal) figures; Rizieq Shihab (founder of the Islam Defenders Front; FPI) was afflicted with suspect status and sordid chat problems; Abdul Somad, Abdullah Gymnastiar, and Arifin Ilham (famous preachers) who are bullied by polygamy and divorce cases This fact related to the large number that causes social media to have extraordinary power in bullying someone because in Indonesia more than 93% of internet users active throughsocial media. This section focuses on cyberbullying against Muslim leaders in social media, yet I repect their figures and popularity, as well as their respective representations as ulama, preacher, and Islamic organization leaders
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