Customs and Logistic Block-Chain and Client Behavior on Markets of Customs Intermediary Services

Blockchain technology is now a new type of science and technology with high application value in many fields. Exploring its application in the field of international logistics will help solve the problems in international logistics, further accelerate the intelligent process of logistics, reduce costs, and improve the efficiency of international logistics. This paper analyzes the characteristics of blockchain and the problems in international logistics, and finds that there is a close coupling between blockchain technology and international logistics, and then proposes the application models and practical cases.of blockchain technology in international supply chain logistics, international trade logistics and customs clearance.

Blockchain technology is now a new type of science and technology with high application value in many fields. Exploring its application in the field of international logistics will help solve the problems in international logistics, further accelerate the intelligent process of logistics, reduce costs, and improve the efficiency of international logistics. This paper analyzes the characteristics of blockchain and the problems in international logistics, and finds that there is a close coupling between blockchain technology and international logistics, and then proposes the application models and practical cases.of blockchain technology in international supply chain logistics, international trade logistics and customs clearance.

Современный мир стремительно меняется, постоянно появляются факторы внешней и внутренней среды, влияющие на жизнь организации. Для эффективного управления организацией в современном мире необходимы квалифицированные менеджеры и сервисные работники, проводящие SWOT-анализ. Необходимо понимать свои сильные стороны с помощью анализа, максимально реализовать их и знать слабые стороны, которые необходимо минимизировать перед конкурентами. Все эти вопросы решает менеджер, поэтому работа над курсом необходима для полного понимания предмета. Организация является важным фактором в экономике, и многие экономисты уделяют этому большое внимание. Наиболее важным понятием в управлении является организация. Взаимодействие с внешней средой неизбежно, поскольку оно является частью экономики, но также имеет внутренние процессы, от которых оно также зависит. Внутренняя среда-это душа организации, Источник ее силы, необходимый для функционирования всей экономической деятельности. При этом он может нести как сильные, так и слабые стороны человека. Внешняя среда, в свою очередь, является источником, исходящим извне, который обеспечивает пищу для организации и дает силу источнику силы. Жизнеобеспечение организации не может существовать без взаимодействия внутренней и внешней среды. По этой причине, если он хочет эффективно управлять экономическими процессами, менеджер должен постоянно вкладывать всю свою энергию в изучение внутренней и внешней среды. Внутренняя и внешняя среда имеют свои особенности, влияющие факторы, методы анализа и различные показатели. Внутренняя среда имеет основные компоненты своих элементов. Внутренняя среда включает в себя весь процесс хозяйственной деятельности: персонал, цели и задачи, поставленные перед менеджерами и штатными сотрудниками, внедрение компьютеризированных технологий и методов и т. д. Факторы внешней среды, влияющие на ее прямые и косвенные методы. Анализ внешней среды учитывает различные показатели и дополнительные элементы, поскольку информация является первым, что менеджер должен получить от внешней среды и знать, как она повлияет на внутреннюю среду организации. The modern world is changing rapidly, and there are constantly new factors of influence from the external and internal environment, which affect the life of the organization. Qualified managers and service employees who conduct SWOT analysis are necessary in the modern world for effective management of the organization. It is necessary to know your strengths through analysis, implement them to the maximum and know theweaknesses that need to be minimized in front of competitors. All these issues are handled by the Manager and therefore the work of the course is necessary for a full understanding of this topic. Organization is an important element in Economics, and many economic Sciences pay great attention to this element. The most importantconcept in management is organization. Interaction with the external environment is inevitable, because it is partof the economy, but it also has internal processes that it also depends on. The internal environment is the soul of the organization, the source of its strength and it is necessary for the functioning of all economic activities. At the same time, it can carry strengths and weaknesses, like a person. The external environment, in turn, is the sourcefrom the outside, which feeds the organization and gives strength to the source of power. Without the interactionof the internal and external environment, the organization's life support cannot exist. For this reason, the Manager must constantly spend all his energy on studying the internal and external environment if he wants to effectivelymanage economic processes. The internal and external environment have their own characteristics, impact factors, analysis methods, and various indicators. The internal environment has the main components of its elements. The internal environment includes the entire process within the economic activity: personnel, goals andtasks set for managers and regular staff, technologies and methods for implementing computerization, etc. The external environment has factors that influence the direct and indirect method on it. Various indicators and additional elements are considered by the analysis of the external environment, because information is the first thingthat a Manager should receive from the external environment and know how it will affect the internal environmentof the organization.

Purpose of the research. Investigate formats for managing the value of international corporate structures, taking into account the formation of digital assets, and develop recommendations for introducing precise modifications to the management of the value of international corporations in the digital economy. Design/Method/Plan of the reseach. Systematic, synergistic, conceptual and methodological approaches are used, involving the use of the method of analysis and synthesis, modeling, formalization, methods of statistical and economic analysis, modeling, expert support and evaluation. Results of the research. The formation of a new external environment of corporations - the "digital environment" - is substantiated as a space for the manifestation of competitive advantages of the digital transformation of the economy, which is characterized by a clarification of the influence of digitalization on the activities of international corporate structures. The factors of increasing the cost in the digital environment are identified, being based on the developed modified approach, which takes into account both the change of the previously known cost factors in the digital environment and the emergence of new, previously unformulated cost factors, which allow to create a scenario of the economic activity of the corporation in the digital environment, to establish the dependence of the selected factors cost and will divide the factors acting in the formation of the digital environment, and the factors that manifest themselves directly in the digital economy. The concept of cost management of the corporation has been developed, in terms of assessing the new external corporate environment, taking into account the influence of digital factors, identifying new cost levers, taking into account radical changes in technological processes, including recommendations on the adaptation of new digital cost management tools, which allows assessing the digital component of the growth of modern markets and takes into account both the creation and destruction of value under the influence of the digital economy. The theoretical significance of the research. The role of the digital economy in relation to the models and tools of corporate governance has been determined. The points of contact and interaction of corporate strategies and the process of business digitalization based on the effective management of the value of the corporation have been studied. The practical significance of the research. The results and recommendations of the study can be implemented in long-term programs for the digitalization of international corporate governance practices and digital support for the development or adaptation of corporate strategies in order to implement the complex potential of the corporation. Originality/Value/Scientific novelty of the research. The specificity of the implementation of digital economy tools in the organizational formats of the activities of international corporate structures has been studied. Modified models for improving corporate value management based on blockchain technologies and digital cost control as part of a corporate strategy have been proposed. Prospects for further research. The obtained results of the research can be used in the context of the development of national and branch programs for digitalization of corporate management and the implementation of digital technologies in the model of corporatization of enterprises and organizations of various forms of ownership. Article type. Theoretical. JEL Classification: F23, L19, O33

Application of blockchain-based digital twin technology in healthcare: A scoping review.

The study focuses on the utilization of Blockchain and Cloud based technologies in the automotive supply chain in India. It is based on a questionnaire-based survey conducted through a Google Form based questionnaire over 75 company executives of automobile sector having any idea on Blockchain. Among the participants, 73% was Male& 27% was Female. 32% Executives with Job experience 2-5 years, 27% with 5-10 years and 41% with More than 10 years. In terms of working profile, 41% Production Manager, 17% Tech Manager and 32% Supply Manager were there.The study uses a 5-point Likert scale questionnaire to assess the three broad parameters: Blockchain Technology Adoption (BTA), Supply Chain Integration (SC1) with Internal Integration, Customer Integration and Supplier Integration as sub-items and Sustainable Supply Chain Performance (SSCP). It has found that the company executives perceive that the blockchain is well integratedin the supply chain from both supplier and customer's perspective and also perceive that the blockchain is well integrated in the supply chain from both supplier and customer's perspective. organizationsalso has the capability of achieving sustainability in embracing Blockchain Technology. Not only in the mainstream production process, but also in the supply chain encompassing the suppliers and transporters, the usage of blockchain technology is widespread acknowledged. The Customer services also embrace Cloud-based Blockchain services to a greater extent. It has been observed that the adoption of blockchain and cloud technologies improve supply chain sustainability and coordination among different units in supply chain. However, the blockchain-based customer services such as vehicle monitoring, theft prevention, insurance scrutiny need to be focused more as the automotive sector in India is inclined to the Blockchain Technology towards the backward linkages up the supply chain rather than the forward linkages downward. The cloud integration in the blockchain network do enhances the performance and utilities in the automobile sector. Still, it needs to be more sophisticated and gain industry-wide acceptance.

The article examines the development of professional competencies required for specialists in international logistics under the conditions of rapid digitalization and the implementation of seamless end-to-end technologies in global supply chain management. The relevance of the research is determined by the increasing technological complexity of logistics systems and the corresponding demand for modernized skill sets. The methodological framework includes structural-functional, comparative and content analysis of academic literature, regulatory documents, and educational models. As a result, key groups of competencies—digital, AI-related, end-to-end, intercultural, and communicative—were identified. Particular emphasis is placed on the role of international data exchange standards, which provide the technological foundation for seamless logistics. A comparative analysis of Russian and international educational models was conducted, and recommendations for updating logistics training programs are proposed.

PurposeInternational supply chains can be severely disrupted by failures in international logistics processes. Therefore, an understanding of international logistics risks, or causes of failure, how these may interact with each other and how they can be mitigated are imperatives for the smooth operation of international supply chains. The purpose of this paper is to specifically investigate the interactions between international logistics risks within the prevailing structures of international supply chains and highlights how these risks may be inter-connected and amplified. A new dynamic supply chain logistics risk analysis model is proposed which is novel as it provides a holistic understanding of the risk event interactivity.Design/methodology/approachThe paper applies interpretive structural modelling to data collected from a survey of leading supply chain practitioners, in order to analyse their perspectives of risk elements and interactions. The risk elements and their contextual relationship were derived empirically through the use of focus groups and subsequent Delphi study. The two stages of the research rely on experts’ views on risk events and clusters and the level of interactions among those clusters.FindingsA key finding of this research is that supply chain practitioner’s perception of risk consists of inter-connected four levels: value streams risks; information and relationship risks; risks in international supply chain activities; and external environment. In particular, since level 2 risk creates feedback loops of risks, risk management at level 2 can dampen the amplification effect and the strength of the interactions.Practical implicationsSeveral managerial implications are drawn. First, the research guides managers in the identification and evaluation of risk events which can impact the performance of their international logistics supply chain operations. Second, evidence is presented that supports the proposition that the relationships with trading partners and LSPs, and the degree of logistics information exchange, are critical to prevent, or at least mitigate, logistics risks which can substantially affect the responsiveness of the international supply chain.Originality/valueThe main contribution to knowledge that this study offers to the literature on supply chain risk management is the development of a supply chain logistics risk analysis model which includes both risk elements and interactions. The research demonstrates the importance of taking into account risk interactions in the process of identification and evaluation of risk events.

Modern business conditions are based on the laws and characteristics of the development of market relations. Successful and stable activity of any business entity today directly depends on the effectiveness of the management system, the most important element of which is properly organized control. In the activities of any business entity, the place, role and importance of control are as important as accounting, management and analysis. The domestic science of control has rather deep roots, and the multifaceted nature and depth of the concept of “control” are closely related to the concepts of “management” and “management accounting”. In conditions of increasing competition, when the problems of increasing the effectiveness of control are significantly updated, the issues of organizing internal control, its development and integration are becoming more relevant. The study of the category of "internal control", its subjects and objects, the place in the management process allows us to identify in its structure individual species characterized by a targeted orientation and methodological features. The practical implementation of the internal control system should be carried out in accordance with the basic principles of its effective organization, which are closely interconnected, and the procedure for combining them to a greater extent depends on the prevailing specific business conditions and circumstances. Integration of the internal control system into the general management system will ensure the reliability of information at various levels, as well as significantly reduce the potential for making erroneous management decisions. The principles of making a choice when implementing a rational and economically reasonable accounting policy of an autonomous institution depend directly on the valid regulations of the accounting standards of the public sector system of the economy. This aspect makes it possible to influence not only the effectiveness of the use of material, labor and financial resources, but also to ensure a proper level of capital units’ turnover, to obtain additional internal sources of capital investments financing and current assets, to attract external resources to expand the scope of an autonomous institution. The application of various models of internal control, including elements of a risk-oriented approach allows to carry out to the right degree conceptual process of organizing enterprise control. The model of the internal control system of an autonomous institution suggested by the authors takes into account a systematic approach, risk orientation considering factors of the internal and external environment, incorporating the model in business processes, with regard to the ultimate goal of implementation - increasing the efficiency of business processes while reducing expenses and increasing profit in the financial responsibility centers. Indicative management model is widely used as the foundation of management. As a rule, it is based on a spatial vision of internal control, and as an analysis, depending on the activity type of an economic entity, the business processing is allocated, taking into account the influence of various indicators that reflect the factors influence of the external and internal environment, in particular, in the context of parameters of competitive advantage. We consider the use of an effective model to be the most promising model of internal control. Based on the author's idea of an integrated model of internal control, its main components will be: a systematic approach, a focus on risks, taking into account factors of the internal and external environment, incorporating the model in business processes and financial responsibility centers. Furthermore the main object of the suggested model of internal control will be risks arising as a result of the influence of factors of the internal and external environment. The purpose of the suggested model is to increase the efficiency of business processes existing in the economic entity while simultaneously reducing expenses and increasing profits in financial responsibility centers. Considering that the element “control environment” of internal control within the framework of the current legislation has changed to the institutional internal environment, it is noteworthy that the introduction into application practice of institutional environment of an autonomous institution internal control consists of the following levels: external and internal. The external environment in the form of formal and informal institutes is prevailing, having an impact on the internal environment of an economic entity, represented by its own specific cultural and functional “micro institutes” (formal and informal).

Purpose:The purpose of this study is to investigate the effects of brand equity, external and internal environment of the optometric clinics on customer satisfaction, credibility and revisit intention by using the structural equation modelling.Method:A total of 420 adults, who have ever had to visit any optometric clinics located in Seoul, Gyeonggi-do or Chungnam-do, participated in a questionnaire. Nine questionnaires were excluded due to being incomplete, and a total of 411 questionnaires were finally included for data analysis using reliability analysis, confirmatory factor analysis and path analysis.Result:Brand equity had a significant effect on both external and internal environmental variables. The exogenous variables such as brand equity and internal environment considerably had some indirect effects on the customer satisfaction as a parameter. Additionally, the customer satisfaction and credibility significantly contributed to the revisitation. While the external environment, in particular, did not significantly affect on both customer satisfaction and credibility, the brand equity and internal environment significantly directly influenced the revisitation with indirect effects of the customer satisfaction and credibility.Conclusions:In comparison to other service industries, the optometric clinics had a distinct characteristic that the characteristic of optometrists take a large part in the internal environment. This study found that the brand equity had an important role in both internal and external environment, and the internal environments such as products, costs and the characteristic of optometrists especially have leaded to the revisitation with the customer satisfaction. It is concluded that the optometric clinics take further necessary actions and seek efforts to recognize the importance of the internal environment and credibility as well as high brand equity.

Purpose – The research aims to determine the role and new findings from the internal and external environments in the value-driven business strategy model on university performance, with the partnership dimension as a mediating variable. Methodology – The research method uses a causality quantitative approach, with a purposive sampling technique of 125 respondents who are position holders at universities in West Java. The research data analysis technique uses Structural Equation Modeling (SEM) with SmartPLS software. Findings – The results of the study provide findings that the external environment and internal environment have a significant effect on value-driven business strategy. Partnership does not affect college performance, so value-driven business strategy significantly affects partnership. Value-driven business strategy significantly affects college performance; in the mediation dimension, the partnership does not mediate the relationship between value-driven business strategy and college performance. Value-driven business strategy does not mediate the relationship between the external environment and college performance. Finally, a value-driven business strategy can mediate the relationship between the internal environment and college performance. Originality – This study extends the Value-Driven Business Strategy Theory by adding new variables: the external and internal environments on the performance of higher Education institutions through value-based strategies, and a mediating variable, partnership, that connects value-based strategy to the performance of higher Education institutions. The external and internal environments are among the factors in improving the performance of higher Education institutions, and partnership is considered an important variable in value-based business strategies.

Our research focuses on Kozmetika Afrodita d.o.o., a leading Slovenian cosmetics company, and the impact of blockchain technology on its business environment. The cosmetics industry is increasingly emphasizing natural products and transparency, with health-conscious consumers demanding more insight into what they put on their skin. Many companies have adopted blockchain technology for transparency from ingredient sourcing to final production. We analyzed Kozmetika Afrodita internal and external environments, identifying opportunities, threats, strengths, and weaknesses. We found that digital transformation and blockchain technology would significantly benefit Kozmetika Afrodita.The new technology would enable the company to have excellent product transparency, consumer trust and competitiveness at home and abroad. Revenues would also increase. Despite some potential disadvantages, we do not perceive these as risky. Blockchain technology is a powerful tool for promoting sustainability, supporting green production processes, and enabling real-time collection and analysis of low-carbon or green data. We analysed the internal and external factors of the company using STEEP (sociocultural, technological, economic, ecological, political-legal environmental factors) and IFAS (internal factors synthesis) methods. We found that blockchain technology would have a positive effect on the company’s product quality, customer loyalty, market position and revenue.

BackgroundThe southern cattle tick, Rhipicephalus (Boophilus) microplus, is an economically important parasite of cattle and can transmit several pathogenic microorganisms to its cattle host during the feeding process. Understanding the biology and genomics of R. microplus is critical to developing novel methods for controlling these ticks.ResultsWe present a global comparative genomic analysis of a gene index of R. microplus comprised of 13,643 unique transcripts assembled from 42,512 expressed sequence tags (ESTs), a significant fraction of the complement of R. microplus genes. The source material for these ESTs consisted of polyA RNA from various tissues, lifestages, and strains of R. microplus, including larvae exposed to heat, cold, host odor, and acaricide. Functional annotation using RPS-Blast analysis identified conserved protein domains in the conceptually translated gene index and assigned GO terms to those database transcripts which had informative BlastX hits. Blast Score Ratio and SimiTri analysis compared the conceptual transcriptome of the R. microplus database to other eukaryotic proteomes and EST databases, including those from 3 ticks. The most abundant protein domains in BmiGI were also analyzed by SimiTri methodology.ConclusionThese results indicate that a large fraction of BmiGI entries have no homologs in other sequenced genomes. Analysis with the PartiGene annotation pipeline showed 64% of the members of BmiGI could not be assigned GO annotation, thus minimal information is available about a significant fraction of the tick genome. This highlights the important insights in tick biology which are likely to result from a tick genome sequencing project. Global comparative analysis identified some tick genes with unexpected phylogenetic relationships which detailed analysis attributed to gene losses in some members of the animal kingdom. Some tick genes were identified which had close orthologues to mammalian genes. Members of this group would likely be poor choices as targets for development of novel tick control technology.

Optimizing chickens as an economic resource to provide maximum income for farmers and their families requires farmers with entrepreneurial competence. To improve the performance of chicken farming businesses, in addition to entrepreneurial competence, farm owners also need enhanced communication skills to navigate the internal and external business environment. This study aims to examine the internal and external environment, entrepreneurial competence, communication, and performance of chicken farm owners in Tabanan Regency and test the effectiveness of communication as a mediating variable between the internal environment, external environment, and entrepreneurial competence on the performance of layer chicken farming businesses in Tabanan Regency. The study was conducted in three villages: Jatiluwih, Senganan, and Babahan in Penebel District, Tabanan Regency. The sample consisted of 30 out of 51 farmers with the criterion of keeping more than 6,000 chickens. The analysis method was divided based on research objectives: the first objective was analyzed using descriptive analysis with class interval calculations, and the second was analyzed using Generalized Structured Component Analysis (GSCA). The results showed that layer chicken farming businesses in Penebel District, Tabanan, exhibited good performance with effective organizational communication and entrepreneurial competence, despite facing internal, external, and research-development challenges. Furthermore, the communication model as a mediating variable is effective in layer chicken farming businesses, indicating that communication plays a crucial role in enhancing performance by effectively mediating changes in the external environment. Entrepreneurial competence and the internal environment also directly contribute to performance without requiring extensive communication.

Several new "sum-of-sinusoids" models have recently been introduced for the simulation of Rayleigh fading channels. These models are statistical in nature implying that their simulation parameters such as the Doppler frequencies are random. They have been shown to accurately reproduce some of the desired statistical properties of the faded envelope such as the time autocorrelation and the level crossing rate. However, a comparative analysis of these models, hitherto scattered throughout the literature, is not available. This paper compares these models in terms of their complexity and performance. The performance assessment is based upon the variance of the time average statistical properties from their ideal ensemble averages.