Curriculum Management and Power Relations: Strategies for Multicultural Character Development of Santri in Traditional Pesantren

ABSTRAK Philosophy and education have a very close relationship so that proper ly thinkers of philosophy respond to various problems regarding education include the education system in pesantren. This journal is intended to dissect and explore the education system of pondok pesantren both traditional and modern pesantren . Searching a philosophical foundation within it to be able to understand the deepest meaning of an education system in pesantren. Traditional pesantren organize s non-classical Islamic education with bandongan and sorogan methods in learn ing classical books (yellow books) by ulama in middle ages . The traditional pesantren holds the philosophy of perennialism, idealism, and essentialism. Among the famous traditional pesantren that maintain the salaf system are Sarang Rembang, pondok pesantren of Sidogiri Pasuruan, pondok pesantren of Langitan Tuban, and pondok pesantren of Lirboyo Kediri. Whereas modern pesantren always consideratein changing times such as the use of information technology with the use of the internet as a medium of learning for santri and play a role not only in education but also in other aspects. Modern pesa n tre n holds philosophy of reconstructionism, progressivism, and rationalism. Among the famous modern pesantren are the modern pondok of Gontor and Zaitun Indramayu.

This study aims to uncover the reasons why Nahwu manuscripts are found in almost every surau in Minangkabau and how Nahwu, a branch of Arabic grammar, was taught in these traditional Islamic educational institutions. This research is qualitative research employing a philological approach, which seeks to describe and reveal the phenomena surrounding surau education in Minangkabau. Based on the discovery of Nahwu manuscripts, and to explore the instructional process of Nahwu in these institutions. Primary data sources include several Nahwu manuscripts, along with the leaders of Inyik Jaho Surau, Surau Labai Sati Malalo, and the SurauSyaikh Abbas Padang Japang. Secondary data sources comprise various books, articles, and other related references. The research finds that the Nahwu manuscripts discovered in these surau represent the most authentic evidence of Islamic educational traditions in historical Minangkabau. Nahwu was not only considered essential for understanding religious texts but also regarded as an integral part of religious life. Instruction was delivered through the sorogan method, whereby teachers would recite and guide the memorization of Nahwu texts, translate them, and apply them to the study of other religious books. Nahwu material was taught progressively in three levels: elementary, intermediate, and advanced, each with its respective classical texts.

This paper discusses the archiving system of knowledge transmission in traditional Islamic educational institution in Indonesia. The process of knowledge transmission in Islamic traditional educational institution cannot be separated from its position as the center of Islamic education and information. This study focuses its analysis on the Pesantren Miftahul Huda, Tasikmalaya, Indonesia, using qualitative method and data collection techniques through observation and interview. The results show that archiving knowledge transmission was limited and not well-managed in the pesantren Miftahul Huda. The pesantren was traditional in its archiving system in that it relied on the teachers’ memories in the process of transmission of Islamic science. To maintain an archiving system in traditional Islamic educational institution, pesantrens in Indonesia must pay serious attention to the archiving of their documents and activities for practical and scientific purposes. The support of local and central government support and other parties will be valuable and useful for these purposes.

As a traditional Islamic educational institution, Islamic boarding schools are often identified as conservative, static and underdeveloped educational institutions. This kind of stereotype cannot be fully justified, because in reality, Islamic boarding schools continue to transform both institutionally, systems, curriculum, etc. Regarding the development of Islamic boarding school curricula, not many researchers and academics are concerned with this field of study. This research is a literature review based on several previous studies. The results of this research show several conclusions. First, as a traditional Islamic educational institution in Indonesia, Islamic boarding schools have demonstrated success in maintaining their existence amidst globalization. Second, the Islamic boarding school curriculum has several superior aspects, including; aspects of identity, continuity, independence and flexibility. However, the Islamic boarding school curriculum also has shortcomings, namely Kiai-centric and Alineasi (alienation). Third, the components that an Islamic boarding school education curriculum must have consist of; objectives, knowledge content and learning experiences, strategies and evaluation

This study aims to explore the application of prophetic leadership in improving the performance of educators in traditional Islamic educational institutions, particularly pesantren. Prophetic leadership, which is grounded in values exemplified by the Prophet Muhammad—such as justice, simplicity, wisdom, and compassion—is considered effective in shaping a more meaningful and spiritually-driven educational environment. Using a qualitative approach with a case study method, data were collected through interviews, observations, and documentation at several pesantren. The findings indicate that prophetic leadership positively impacts teachers’ work motivation, collaboration, and engagement in educational activities. Leadership by example, open communication, and a humanistic approach significantly enhance the professionalism and performance of educators. This research contributes both theoretically and practically to the development of leadership models rooted in Islamic values that are relevant to the challenges of modern education. Future studies may further explore the integration of prophetic leadership with educational technology and other innovations to support the quality of learning in pesantren

The importance of facilities, infrastructure and human resource management in creating a quality learning environment, especially at Dayah as a traditional Islamic educational institution which faces various limitations. This research discusses the management of facilities, infrastructure and human resources (HR) in Dayah to increase learning effectiveness. Dayah, as a traditional Islamic educational institution in Aceh, faces challenges in managing facilities and human resources which are often limited. This research aims to evaluate the condition of facilities and infrastructure, HR management, and their contribution to the quality of learning. A qualitative approach is used through case studies. Data was obtained through observation, interviews with related informants, and documentation. The research results show that the management of facilities and infrastructure is not optimal, characterized by a lack of adequate planning, maintenance and distribution of facilities. On the other hand, human resource management, including teacher placement and training, plays an important role in utilizing facilities to support learning. Inhibiting factors include limited budget, space, and attention to facility maintenance. Synergistic management between facilities, infrastructure and human resources can create a conducive learning environment, improve the quality of education, and support the achievement of Dayah's vision as a superior Islamic educational institution. An integrated strategy is needed to overcome challenges and improve the quality of education in Dayah. It is hoped that this research can become a basis for policy makers, Dayah managers and other stakeholders in formulating more effective strategies for managing facilities, infrastructure and human resources, so as to improve the quality of learning and create a more sustainable education system.

Pesantren, as traditional Islamic educational institutions in Indonesia, play a strategic role in shaping the religious, social, and cultural character of society. Over time, pesantren have not only functioned as centers for teaching classical Islamic texts (kitab kuning) and preserving religious traditions, but have also become agents of social transformation integrated with national education policies. The 2025 Nahdlatul Ulama (NU) Grand Conference (Konbes) recommended the formulation of a Grand Strategy to address violence in educational institutions, including pesantren, in response to the increasing cases of violence that affect the quality of education. This Grand Strategy emphasizes the importance of collaborative, systematic, and Islamic value-based approaches to create a safe, inclusive, and moderate educational ecosystem. The implementation of this strategy is reflected in various NU programs, such as the Halaqah Fiqh al-Hadlarah (Fiqh of Civilization Forum), which aims to strengthen the intellectual capacity and ethical integrity of religious scholars, while simultaneously preventing violence rooted in power relations within pesantren. This study highlights that NU’s National Grand Strategy serves both preventive and transformational functions, enabling pesantren to maintain their traditional identity while adapting to social, technological, and policy dynamics.

Online news production is guided by journalists’ institutional orientation such as monitoring and imitation, which can result from power relations among popular news websites. Bourdieu suggested that news media are positioned within a set of economic and symbolic power relations. Given this framework, this study investigates how 13 popular Korean news websites respond to headlines of top online stories on their competitor websites by tracking the headlines on an hourly basis during one consecutive week. The results indicate that the top-ranked news websites often initiate the posting of headlines, whereas others simply follow the headlines by posting similar headlines. But symbolic power relations are not straightforward, because the leading news websites imitate the headlines posted by intermediary or following news websites. Power relations for the production of online news are a complex and fast phenomenon.

This study aims to uncover the form of power relations and the implications of the discourse on the use of traditional Balinese clothing for the State Civil Apparatus (ASN) in the Provincial Government of Bali. The rules on the use of traditional Balinese clothes for the ASN Bali Provincial Government are the implementation of the policy of the Governor of Bali Wayan Koster at the beginning of his leadership period and has been set forth in the Governor Regulation No. 79 of 2018 concerning the Day of the Use of Customary Bali Clothing. The study uses the scientific foundation of Cultural Studies with a qualitative approach. Two theories used in this research are the theory of power and knowledge relations and social practice theory. These two theories are collaboratively used to uncover the power relation forms and the implications of the discourse on the use of traditional Balinese clothes for ASN within the Provincial Government of Bali. The study revealed the form of power relations in the day-to-day discourse on the use of traditional Balinese clothes for ASN in the Provincial Government of Bali, namely governmentality in the form of regulations aimed at making the application of Balinese customary dress rules effective. Another form of power relation is the hegemonic ideology that is by utilizing the myths of Balinese traditional clothing and symbolic power relations using meaningful symbols. The results also revealed that the discourse on the use of Balinese traditional clothing for ASN in the Environment of the Provincial Government of Bali has implications for the representation of social classes marked by the desire of a group of ASN to differentiate themselves by adding accessories to the traditional clothes they wear. Another implication is consumerism among ASNs, where their desire engine is motivated to add custom clothing collections to the office beyond what they actually need. The application of traditional Balinese dress rules for the Bali Provincial Government ASN also gives rise to what is called cultural hybridization. 
 Keywords: discourse, Balinese traditional clothing, State Civil Apparatus

Gocekan is a series of percussion rituals with brawls that are carried out routinely every year starting on the kajeng kliwon enyitan sasih kalima (mid-November) to Ngembak Geni, the end of the sasih kesanga (mid-March) in the Puseh Temple area in Batuan Village, Gianyar, Bali. In its development shocks have been influenced by various interests due to the power relations that occur in the implementation process. This study aims to address the main problems, namely regarding the forms of power relations, the driving factors for power relations, and the meaning and impact of power relations in shocks. Based on research there are several forms of power relations in shocks, namely the relations of hegemonic ideological power, symbolic power relations, and the power relations of domination practice. The factors that encourage power relations in shocks can be divided into two, namely internal factors consisting of beliefs (religious), cultural sacralization, openness of traditional villages, and lack of understanding of religious and legal norms. External factors consisting of capitalism, tourism and the economy. In this regard, the meaning due to the power relations in shocks is the symbolism of religious ritual and impunity. As a result it will have an impact on the deviation of the implementation of Hinduism, deviations of morality and power, and metajen habits as a subculture of the Balinese.
 Keywords: shock, clubbing, power relations, interests

The global world has implications for the emergence of various contemporary problems and demands legal certainty for every Islamic legal issue. This research aims to examine Baḥtsul Masāil in Dayah as a traditional Islamic educational institution in Aceh, especially its contribution in responding to developments in contemporary Islamic law. This research uses a qualitative-normative method with a sociological approach to Islamic law. Data was obtained through interviews, observation and document study. The informants interviewed were Tengku Dayah in Aceh, observing the activities of Baḥtsul Masāil and the documents studied were journal articles, textbooks and books. The research results show that teungku dayah is able to answer contemporary Islamic law problems through Baḥtsul Masāil. This activity took the form of a focus group discussion involving professional staff from Islamic boarding schools and discussed various current issues from a legal perspective. In Baḥtsul Masāil uses the method of ilhaq and contextualization of the turats text. Ilhaq is achieved by equating law with problems that have not been answered by Islamic texts with problems that have been answered by Islamic texts, while contextualization of Islamic texts is achieved by interpreting Islamic texts in a contemporary context. The results of Baḥtsul Masāil are then disseminated to the community through community learning processes, recitations, or religious lectures. Thus, in terms of the sociology of Islamic law, Teungku Dayah and Dayah educational institutions as actors are able to contribute to contemporary Islamic problems and the problem of the vacuum of Islamic law in society can be overcome.

The study aims to expose the pattern of education in surau as a traditional islamic education institution located in the minangkabau chain, west Pasaman. The pattern of education is seen in terms of the many aspects of education, educators, participants, materials and learning methods used. The western surau region is interesting because it is demographic in the west sumatran region, with its multicultural population, such as minang, mandailing, Java, and Batak, but surau as a traditional islamic education institute minangkabau continues to exist in this area. This type of research is qualitative with observation, interviews, and documentaries. The subject of this study is scholars and teachers who teach in surau, public and tribal leaders, children and youth. The study found, first, surau in the western market continues to exist on a broad scale, namely, education for children, youth, adult parents, and elderly parents. Second, educators who teach are clerics of religious science who have studied at islamic institutions such as madrasarah, boarding schools, or islamic colleges. Fourth, materials that are taught mostly islamic studies, for the children's level emphasize on reading the Qur'an, youth associated with the development of Islamic Religious Education at the school/madrasah, for the parents of the taklim council emphasize on understanding the basics of akidah and guidance in practical worship, while parents and older ones place greater emphasis on tasawuf studies by the suluk method. The research has contributed to a study of the original islamic education institute of minangkabau that exists in branches that are already in contact with other ethnic groups, such as in the West Pasaman.
 Keywords : traditional education, Surau, west Pasaman

Management as a science that was only recognized in the mid-19th century, management is known as the key to the success and success of managers of companies or educational institutions, both public educational institutions and Islamic educational institutions. There are even people who consider management of Islamic education as a "characteristic" of modern Islamic educational institutions, because with the management of Islamic education, educational institutions are expected to develop and succeed. Educational management is the activity of integrating educational resources so that they are focused in an effort to achieve predetermined educational goals. Meanwhile, this change also occurred in the aspect of managing school institutions. For example: management of school management, curriculum, learning process, educators and education staff, facilities and infrastructure and management of community participation and school committees. One of the responsibilities of a leader in an organization is to bring about change. Change is an absolute necessity for the development of educational institutions. Change management is the efforts made to manage the consequences caused by changes in the organization. Organizations can occur due to causes that come from within or from outside the organization. Change management is the process, tools and techniques for managing people from the change process to achieve the required results and effect change effectively within individuals, teams and the system wide.

The purpose of this research is to elaborate comprehensively about the differences that can be explored from Islamic education management and western education management. This study uses a library research method with documentation study as a data collection technique. The results showed that there were at least five substantial differences between Islamic education management and western education management. The difference lies in the purpose of education, basic education, curriculum management, student management, and management of educational institutions.

In his work A religião popular portuguesa (1990), Moisés Espírito Santo proposes that in Portugal's popular belief the proverb “The Devil is not as ugly as they paint him” is taken into account, a maxim that translates very well the alternative way in which the “fallen angel” is conceived and contradicts the discourses about Evil and its supreme representative, officially disseminated by the most traditional religious institutions. My proposal in this work is to reflect on how the Devil of portuguese popular religiosity, represented several times in the country's literature, spread in Brazilian Cordel literature, not only prolonging elements of the Portuguese “base”, but taking new contours that constituted one of the topoi of the textual genre Cordel. Both in portuguese popular religiosity and in Brazilian Cordel, certain elements can be seen, especially with regard to the humanized characteristics of the Devil, which are considerably opposed to the way in which more traditional religious institutions have disseminated and disseminate the demonic figure, with discourses that reinforce, even in our days, its existence and role in society.