Abstract
Porcine cysticercosis (PC) caused by Taenia solium larvae is continuing being an important zoonotic neglected disease in many developing countries, is responsible for severe health disorders such as seizures and death in human and it poses a serious public health risk. In general estimated prevalence for porcine cysticercosis by Ag-ELISA was 29.7% (95% CI [4.8 - 58.2]), by EITB was 24.7% (95% CI [9.2 - 38.2]), by Tongue examination was 9.4% (95% CI [0.2 - 13.2]), and by postmortem examination was 15% (95% CI [0.2 - 27.4]). Average seroprevalence of human cysticercosis by circulating antibody detection (Ab-ELISA) was ranged from 1.3% to 45.3%. Average seroprevalence of human cysticercosis by circulating T. solium antigen detection (Ag-ELISA) was ranged from 4.6% to 11.9%. Average seroprevalence of human cysticercosis by EITB was ranged from 6.9% to 16.7%. Average prevalence of human cysticercosis by CT scan was ranged from 23.2% to 54.6%. A fundamental factor in the occurrence of infections in most of the article was lack of health education to the community on T. solium, cysticercosis and taeniasis complex as the key towards control and eradication. The major causal factors of the disease occurrence were free roaming pigs and poor sanitary conditions.
Highlights
Porcine cysticercosis is an infection of pigs with the larval form of Taenia solium [1]
This review investigated the prevalence of porcine cysticercosis, distribution, possible control of disease and risk factors associated with T. solium cysticercosis transmission in Africa
Available information were collected from 89 study locations which the study sites were located in 19 countries across Africa that reported the prevalence of whether documented as porcine cysticercosis, human cysticercosis, neurocysicercosis, taeniosis, or Taenia solium was included whether it was diagnosed by the following protocols/methods; epidemiological survey, and serological examination, for human cysticercosis or taeniasis by Ab-ELISA, Ag-ELISA and Coprology
Summary
Porcine cysticercosis is an infection of pigs with the larval form of Taenia solium [1]. Human being acquires taeniosis following ingestion of raw or undercooked pork infected with viable T. solium cysticerci [16] [17] [18]. Lodging of cysticerci of T. solium in the brain results in neurocysticercosis (NCC), one of the most important neurological parasitoses in human and the main preventable cause of acquired epilepsy in endemic areas [12] [19]. In East African countries, the prevalence of cysticercosis infection among pigs in a number of areas reported being approximately 20% [13] [26] [27] [28]. Endemicity of T. solium cysticercosis in developing countries have been associated with general poverty, free-ranging of pigs, poor sanitary conditions and poor knowledge about the parasite [13] [27] [29]-[34]. The information is useful in planning parasite control measures in Africa to promote economic development through pig production
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