Current Situation on Diabetes Management: New Weapons Fighting the Disease in 2025.

The Canadian Diabetes Association 2013 Clinical Practice Guidelines—Raising the Bar and Setting Higher Standards!

Management of diabetes mellitus in older adults: are national guidelines appropriate?

The Interactions Between Physicians and Dentists in Managing the Care of Patients With Diabetes Mellitus

New Medications for the Treatment of Diabetes.

Snapshots of Diabetes Care in Canada

Diabetes mellitus (DM) is a group of metabolic disorders characterized by chronic hyperglycaemia, due to defects in insulin secretion, action activity or both. The prevalence of DM in Kenya is at 3.3% and is reported to be rising. Administration of drugs, healthy eating and exercises are the recommended management of the disease. Combining anti-diabetic drugs with natural remedies including honey has been reported to be more effective than use of drugs alone. However many Kenyans are sceptical about the use of honey in the management of DM on account of its high sugar. The prescription of honey for management of DM by the medical personnel is therefore viewed with cynicism. This study was therefore designed to assess the knowledge and practice of use of honey in diabetes management by the nutritionists working in hospitals. The study was cross-sectional, involving 57 practicing nutritionists drawn from different departments of public and private hospitals within Nairobi County, and the heads of the nutrition departments as key informants. Data was collected by administering a structured questionnaire to the consenting respondents. The study was granted approved by Kenyatta National Hospital (KNH)/ University of Nairobi (UoN) Ethics and Research Committee. Results showed that up to 50.9% of the respondents do not have knowledge on the use of honey in the management of DM, while 42.1% indicated having the knowledge. The gains indicated by the respondents who had knowledge included lowering glycaemic index (7%), control of blood glucose (19.3%), medicinal value (7%), and provision of energy (3.5%), alternative sweetener (1.8%) and antioxidant (1.8%). Only 19.3% of the respondents were aware of studies on use of honey in DM management. Most of the nutritionists recommend unprocessed honey (94.1%) The common forms of usage of the honey were indicated as spreads on bread (41.2%), sweetener of foods such as tea and porridge (17.6%), solution in hot water (11.8%) and direct eating (5.9%). The quantity of honey recommended one teaspoon (41.2%), two teaspoons (29.4%), three teaspoons (23.5%) and four teaspoon (5.9%). Nutritionist who did not recommend honey based their arguments on such reasoning as honey raising blood glucose (60%), lack of knowledge on efficacy (20%), ignorance (17.5%) and patient’s non-acceptance (2.5%). The study concludes that knowledge among nutritionists on the use of honey in management of type-2 DM is very low and therefore prescription/recommendation also very limited. Keywords : Nutritionist, Knowledge and Practice, use of honey, Type-2 Diabetes management DOI : 10.7176/FSQM/91-06 Publication date :October 31 st 2019

Diabetes mellitus, defined as a fasting plasma glucose of ≥126 mg/dL or a glycosylated hemoglobin A1c level (HbA1c) of ≥6.5%, afflicts ≈12.9% of adults in the United States and nearly 285 million adults worldwide.1,2 Diabetes mellitus is a major risk factor for the development of cardiovascular disease, independently conferring a 2-fold excess risk of coronary heart disease and stroke.3 Macrovascular events in diabetes mellitus remain the leading cause of mortality, and the burden of cardiovascular disease attributable to diabetes mellitus has increased over the past decade.4 An increase in the prevalence of obesity has contributed to the rise in diabetes mellitus. Additionally, obesity independently increases the risk of cardiovascular disease in patients with diabetes mellitus.5 Although strict glycemic control unequivocally reduces the microvascular complications of diabetes mellitus, the macrovascular benefits of intensive therapy have been difficult to establish, with conflicting results from large clinical trials.6–9 Multifactorial strategies are recommended to reduce cardiovascular risk in diabetes mellitus through enhanced glycemic control, blood pressure reduction, lipid management, weight loss, and physical activity.10 Unfortunately, despite aggressive interventions for hyperglycemia, <50% of patients achieve standard HbA1c targets with conventional therapy.11 Polypharmacy is required to achieve glycemic control in the majority of patients within 3 years of diagnosis.12 Although combinations of drug classes can synergistically target multiple pathophysiological defects, novel therapies are required to manage diabetes mellitus and mitigate cardiovascular risks. Dipeptidyl-peptidase IV (DPP-IV) inhibitor and glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) receptor agonist incretin therapies were developed to complement conventional treatment options for diabetes mellitus. Despite promising initial reports of cardioprotective effects, DPP-IV inhibitors have failed to demonstrate improved cardiovascular outcomes in large clinical trials.13–15 Randomized studies to evaluate cardiovascular outcomes associated with GLP-1 receptor agonists are currently underway. This review presents …

Alas, a Patient-Centred Guidelines on the Glycemic Management in People with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus

Diabetes mellitus (DM) is a common chronic disease affecting humans globally. During the last few years, the incidence of diabetes has increased and has received more attention. In addition to growing DM populations, DM complications are involving injuries to more organs, such as the heart and cerebral vessel damage. DM complications can reduce quality of life and shorten life spans and eventually also impede social and economic development. Therefore, effective measures to curb the occurrence and development of diabetes assist in improving patients' quality of life, delay the progression of DM in the population, and ease a social burden. The liver is regarded as an important link in the management and control of DM, including the alleviation of glucose metabolism and lipid metabolism and others via glucose storage and endogenous glucose generation from glycogen stored in the liver. Liver cirrhosis is a very common chronic disease, which often lowers the quality of life and decreases life expectancy. According to a growing body of research, diabetes shows a close correlation with hepatitis, liver cirrhosis, and liver cancer. Moreover, coexistence of liver complications would accelerate the deterioration of patients with diabetes. Liver cirrhosis and diabetes influence each other. Thus, in addition to pharmacological treatments and lifestyle interventions, effective control of cirrhosis might assist in a better management of diabetes. When it comes to different etiologies of liver cirrhosis, different therapeutic methods, such as antiviral treatment, may be more effective. Effective control of cirrhosis might be a strategy for better management of diabetes.

Green diabetes project: A comprehensive characterization of sustainable diabetes practices.

Diabetes is a medical condition that belongs to the group of chronic diseases that affect how the body processes glucose, the primary source of energy for cells. Glucose comes indirectly from the consumed food and is carried by bloodstream to various cells in the body. Insulin, a hormone synthesized by the pancreas plays a vital role in the conversion of glucose to energy. Managing diabetes involves regular monitoring of blood sugar levels, adopting a healthy diet, engaging in regular physical activity, and taking medications or insulin as prescribed by a healthcare provider. Proper management of diabetes may lead to the prevention or delay of diabetic complications may further sever other diseases associated impediment. Drug delivery in the management of diabetes is designed to administer insulin or other diabetes medications in a controlled and convenient manner. Recently nanotechnology has emerged as a transformative approach in the management of diabetic complications, particularly through carrier-mediated nano-biomedicine. Several natural products have been studied and reported for their potential role in managing diabetes. While they may not replace standard medical treatments, some of these natural products could complement existing therapies and support overall diabetes management. Therefore, this review explores the potential of nanocarriers to enhance drug delivery systems for diabetes mellitus treatment, addressing the limitations of conventional therapies that often suffer from poor bioavailability and frequent dosing requirements. Studies have demonstrated that bridging these bioactive compounds significantly enhance the therapeutic efficacy in the management of diabetes. Challenges remain in translating these technologies from laboratory settings to clinical applications; however, the potential benefits for improving glycemic control and overall quality of life for diabetic patients are substantial. Future research should focus on optimizing these nano-biomedicine strategies to realize their full therapeutic potential in diabetes management.

Polyvinylpyrrolidone based graphene oxide hydrogels by radiation crosslinking for conductive microneedle patches

Traditional healers from four wards of the Kilosa district, Morogoro region (Tanzania) were interviewed to assess their knowledge and competence in the management of noninsulin dependent diabetes mellitus (NIDDM). Among 65 reputed healers who were interviewed, 21 (32.3%) recognised and were treating one or more symptoms related to NIDDM, but none could unambiguously relate the symptoms they were treating with NIDDM. Based on what the traditional healers revealed, 54 plants representing 54 species, 48 genera and 33 families were collected. Two of the Kilosa plants, Cassia auriculata and Ricinus communis are reported to have a hypoglycaemic activity, while Securinega virosa has been shown to improve oral glucose tolerance in rabbits. Albizzia anthelmintica has hypocholesterolemic activity and some of the plants also have antibacterial and antifungal activity which may benefit NIDDM patients. Some of the ethnomedical reports of the Kilosa healers, related to management of diabetes, have been reported from other areas. However, one of the reported plants, Albizzia versicolor, is toxic. We conclude that the traditional healers of Kilosa district can not unambiguously diagnose diabetes mellitus as a disease entity, but some of them recognise symptoms characteristic of the disease and they are well-known with plants that may be useful in alleviating its symptoms. Two of the plants they mentioned, Cassia auriculata and Ricinus communis, have a proven hypoglycaemic effect. Careful sieving of the knowledge in the custody of the Kilosa district healers is needed to sort out possibly toxic plants and to determine the other properties of these plants that may be useful in the management of diabetes mellitus.

Diabetes Mellitus (DM) is a severe and chronic metabolic disorder characterized by hyperglycaemia and various complications, including cardiovascular disease. It is diagnosed when fasting plasma glucose (FPG) level is126 mg/dL (7.0 mmol/L) or higher [1]. Notable differences in DM prevalence are evident among populations in the United States. While DM affects 13% of the general adult population, specific groups, including American Indians/Alaska Natives (14.7%), Hispanics (12.5%), and non-Hispanic Blacks (11.7%), experience disproportionately higher rates. Conversely, lower prevalence rates are observed among non-Hispanic Asians (9.2%) and non-Hispanic Whites (7.5%). Black Americans are twice as likely to succumb to diabetes-related mortality compared to Whites [2]. The overall objective of this review article is to comprehensively address racial disparities in DM within the United States, emphasizing prevalence rates, management strategies, and health outcomes across diverse ethnic groups. To achieve this objective, we conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis utilizing data from nationally representative surveys, healthcare databases, and published literature spanning from 2014 to 2023. Our findings highlight significant racial disparities in DM prevalence, with minority populations, including African Americans, Hispanics, and Native Americans, consistently exhibiting higher rates than their Caucasian counterparts. Beyond prevalence, disparities extend to access to healthcare resources, diabetes education, and preventive measures. Additionally, challenges in DM management, including access to optimal treatment modalities, medication adherence, and diabetes self-management education, are identified among minority populations. Socioeconomic factors, particularly income and education, significantly contribute to these disparities. This review article contributes to the growing body of evidence guiding policymakers, healthcare professionals, and researchers in developing targeted strategies to achieve health equity in diabetes management and prevention. Addressing these disparities is crucial for fostering an inclusive and practical approach to DM care within diverse ethnic populations.

Performance and characteristics evaluation of a sodium hyaluronate-based microneedle patch for a transcutaneous drug delivery system