Abstract
Background: Drug resistant tuberculosis is a major obstacle in the effective control of tuberculosis. Early diagnosis of drug resistance using drug susceptibility testing can help treat the patient effectively. Drug resistance can be monodrug resistance, polydrug resistance or multidrug resistance. The aim of the study was to determine the current pattern of drug resistance in new cases of pulmonary tuberculosis. Methods: A prospective observational study was carried out from November 2012 to October 2014 in the Department of Pulmonary Medicine, Era’s Lucknow Medical College and Hospital, Lucknow. The study consisted of 221 new cases of pulmonary tuberculosis which were sputum smear positive for AFB (Acid fast bacilli). One sputum sample from each patient was sent for culture and Drug Susceptibility Testing (DST) to first line anti-tuberculosis drugs on Lowenstein-Jensen medium. Statistical analysis was done with chi-square test. Results: A total of 221 new sputum positive cases of pulmonary tuberculosis were diagnosed during the study period, of which 189 were culture positive for Mycobacterium tuberculosis. Drug resistance to first line anti-tuberculosis drugs among new cases of pulmonary tuberculosis was observed in 15.3% cases in our study. Multidrug resistant tuberculosis was observed to be 4.2% in these new cases. Conclusions: Multidrug resistance seems to be on a rise in the new cases of pulmonary tuberculosis in our country.
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