Current Issues of Safety Measures in Railway Transport Logistics

The article analyzes the functioning of services (units) of personnel in the struc- ture of the Armed Forces of Ukraine on the basis of their practical activity during 2011-2018 in the conditions of peacetime and special period and their influence on the fulfillment of the Armed Forces of Ukraine by purpose. Structural changes of the military management bodies by years and the reform of the services (units) of personnel from the beginning of the ATO are presented, namely the creation of new organizational and staff structures, which were aimed at the formation of military management bodies, military units, units for the primary provision of protection of citizens and territorial the integrity of the state. In addition, the problematic issues, miscalculations and causes that contributed to their occurrence are discussed. The main ways of solving these problems and directions of activity of services (units) of personnel in the course of their elimina- tion are explained. It is analyzed how changes of organizational and staff struc- tures of services (units) of personnel, reduction of their number to the indicators of minimum and sufficient expediency influenced the efficiency of personnel work on accounting issues and formation of rational proposals of efficient use of personnel by the team. The expected results of the analysis are presented, which can help to resolve the issue of determining the quantitative indicators of the regular number of services (units) of personnel of the Armed Forces of Ukraine, for timely fulfillment of their staffing, training, support, and use of military personnel during the military service. The general conclusions are made, which testify to the prevalence of manual mode of implementation of military personnel policy in the approaches of forma- tion and determination of quantitative indicators of the staff and the list of services (units) of personnel. In this context, it is suggested that further research in this area should be directed to substantiate approaches to determining the quantitative indi- cators of the staffing level of the services (units) of personnel of the Armed Forces of Ukraine.

The COVID-19 Pandemic has presented the United States military with a unique challenge to maintain a forward presence in support of national security while adhering to critical COVID safety practices. Evidence-based COVID safety practices such as social distancing, sheltering at home, and now vaccinating are critical in protecting service members’ health. Simultaneously, these safety measures are challenging for the U.S. military because service members live and work in close quarters, options for telework are limited, and units must continue to execute worldwide deployments. A Pandemic milestone occurred in December 2020 when the FDA approved the first of several COVID-19 vaccinations under an Emergency Use Authorization (EUA). Force-wide vaccination is critical for the U.S. military to return to unimpeded operations and safeguard units from debilitating outbreaks. While military member vaccination is traditionally compulsory for all Food and Drug Administration (FDA)- approved vaccinations, service members have had the rare choice to accept or decline the EUA COVID-19 vaccine until full FDA approval is granted. The vaccination decisions of individual service members have had significant operational, financial, and logistical impacts throughout the U.S. military. The prevention and mitigation of outbreaks across military units have required significant person- hours and financial obligations to ensure units can operate and deploy safely and on schedule. This paper discusses the historical context and current motivations behind military vaccine-hesitancy, broad operational impacts, and recommendations on addressing vaccine-hesitancy within the U.S. armed forces.

Introduction: Servicemen's military skills are determined by servicemen's professionalization, which can be defined as the level of mastery and successful application of a complex of organizational and procedural components that determine the psychological strategies of service and combat activity. Aim: to determine the level of creativity of the military command personnel of Ukraine's Security and Defence Forces and its impact on the military professional activity. Methods: The Method of Personal Creativity Assessment (Ye. Tunik), which allows determining personal qualities and/or the levels of development of military command personnel's creative potential. It assesses the psychological patterns of creativity through the manifestations of such cognitive and personal properties as curiosity (C), imagination (I), complexity (C), and risk-taking (R). Results: Research on personal creativity in the military-professional activities of individuals among military personnel at the command level according to Ye. Tunik’s method provides grounds for the conclusion that: 1) officers have higher level of personal creativity compared to sergeants; 2) іmagination is the leading creativity factor while curiosity is the the second-common creativity factor for the majority of officers and sergeants; 3) the majority of officers and sergeants (almost equally) can take risks in their creative military activities. Conclusions: The results revealed the need for the development of command personnel's.

The article is devoted to clarifying the directions and forms of cooperation between law enforcement agencies in the field of counteracting the unauthorized abandonment of military units or places of service by military personnel through the use of criminal law enforcement measures. It is emphasized that, given the increase in the number of cases of unauthorized absence from military units or places of service, an important component of the implementation of state policy to counteract (stop) this type of military criminal offense is the cooperation and coordination of efforts by specialized entities, namely law enforcement agencies, which detect, stop, conduct pre-trial investigations of these criminal offenses. In this regard, the forms of cooperation and coordination of activities to counteract the unauthorized abandonment of military units or places of service by military personnel at the regulatory level of the Military Law Enforcement Service of the Armed Forces of Ukraine, the State Bureau of Investigation, and the Specialized Prosecutor’s Office in the field of defense were analyzed. The regulatory framework that defines the areas of cooperation between these bodies, in particular the forms of assistance provided by the military law enforcement service in the implementation of the tasks of other law enforcement agencies, is considered. Assistance in stopping unauthorized absence from military units or places of service is provided through the implementation of such functions as the search and detention of servicemen of the Armed Forces of Ukraine and other military formations established in accordance with the laws of Ukraine who have left military units or places of service without permission or have failed to report for military service on time without valid reasons. This service is also intensively involved in counteracting unauthorized absence from military units and places of service by military personnel, especially in terms of exchanging information on offenses committed by military personnel, employees of the above-mentioned structures, the Ministry of Defense of Ukraine, the Armed Forces of Ukraine, and the State Special Transport Service, conscripts, and reservists during training, as well as conducting relevant checks.

The article purpose is to present the theoretical analysis and determine how to use military personnel’s emotional intelligence skills for management of a military unit. We used theoretical research methods: the analysis of theoretical sources discussing service members’ leadership formation based on the concept of emotional leadership, a comparative analysis of the reviewed theoretical materials. Foreign authors’ works devoted to emotional intelligence and emotional leadership among military personnel were analysed. The basic principles of a leader’s emotional intelligence were revealed, which meant a leader’s capability to use emotional intelligence in order to improve the managing efficiency for military units. A number of issues that need to be addressed were identified, namely: influence of military leaders’ emotional intelligence skills on post-traumatic stress overcoming and mitigating of negative consequences associated with a psychological trauma; influence of leaders’ emotional intelligence on military unit management and relations between military personnel’s emotional competence, leadership attributes and technical and tactical skills; programs for assessment and development of service members’ emotional intelligence and emotional leadership in order to improve unit management by control over service members’ emotions, other people’s emotions and groups’ emotions and implementation of such programs. The study results has confirmed that service members’ emotional leadership skills should be developed to improve unit management efficiency, since such skills are necessary for management, emotional leadership improves management skills at all, social responsiveness and interactions with a team.

On December 29, 2018, the “Interim Instruction for the organization of medical examination, preventive and curative and health-improving measures, and clinical observation of the military personnel of the Armed Forces of the Russian Federation” was approved and entered into force. With this instruction, changes were made to the organization and procedure for conducting an in-depth medical examination of the military personnel of the Armed Forces of the Russian Federation. An in-depth medical examination of conscripted military personnel, as well as contracted military personnel (up to the unit commander and their peers), is carried out in medical companies (points) of military units, on the basis of outpatient departments (polyclinics) of medical military units (military medical organizations). The unit commander is responsible for providing the unit personnel for an in-depth (control) medical examination. A doctor of a military medical unit, unit or organization is responsible for the completeness and quality of an in-depth (control) medical examination of a soldier, as well as the preventive and therapeutic measures prescribed by him. Thus, the data presented allow us to conclude that the conduct of UMO in accordance with the requirements of the “Interim Instructions for the organization of medical examination, preventive and therapeutic measures, clinical follow-up of military personnel of the Armed Forces of the Russian Federation” allows us to give a more objective assessment of the state of health and identify a number of diseases in the early stages and take measures to prevent and treat them.

Treating the Signature Injury

Screening for Alcohol Misuse and Alcohol-Related Behaviors Among Combat Veterans

Military Eligibility for the Supplemental Nutrition Assistance Program: Simulating the Exemption of the Basic Allowance for Housing from Gross Income

The article is devoted to the study of certain issues related to the participation of military personnel in contractual obligations. The author identifies that the complex processes of formation and development of institutions of civil society, the construction of a legal state, and the reform of the legal system could not help but lead to a change in the legal status of various population groups, the emergence of new subjects of law, which, in turn, influenced the perception and reinterpretation of the concept of “subject of law,” highlighting the distinctive features of such a category as “military personnel-special subjects.” The author states that the definition of the status of military personnel as a special subject of law is significant for the legal regulation of their behavior, determining their status in connection with interaction with other subjects of law - entry into contractual relations. By analyzing the normative legal acts that regulate the legal status of military personnel, gaps have been identified that should be taken into account in the conclusion, performance, and termination of contractual obligations involving military personnel. However, given that the legislator currently does not have a clear algorithm for resolving these issues, they require additional legislative regulation. In the process of research, it was determined that a military serviceman may be a party to civil obligations. Thus, the performance of civil obligations involving military personnel is determined, first of all, by the corresponding articles of the Civil Code, and secondly, by specific types of civil contracts. The author specifies that military personnel enter into contractual relations during their free time from military service: 1) in the military barracks - as customers in the barber’s shop, in military trade and grocery stores - as buyers; 2) when engaging in pedagogical, scientific and other creative activities, if it does not interfere with the performance of military service duties; 3) outside of service and outside the military unit - as passengers, clients, consumers, buyers. In these civil legal relations, military personnel have corresponding obligations as clients, buyers, performers - lecturers, passengers, clients, consumers. The performance of these obligations is determined by the corresponding articles of the Civil Code and civil contracts. The article outlines the problems associated with defining the special status of military personnel and their participation in contractual obligations, and suggests ways to address them.

This article is devoted to the consideration of the fundamentals of medical training, hygienic education of military personnel and some problematic medical issues in the Armed Forces of Russia. The objectives of the activities of the medical service for hygienic training and education of military personnel, promotion of a healthy lifestyle are: promotion of health legislation; hygienic training and education of military personnel; promotion of a healthy lifestyle, motivation of military personnel to consciously fulfill the requirements of charters, orders, guidelines aimed at maintaining and strengthening their health and physical development; improving knowledge and reinforcing practical skills in providing selfhelp and mutual assistance in injuries and diseases. The problematic issue is the insufficient number of objects of the educational material and technical base for the practical development of questions by military personnel - medical training specialists. Therefore, the heads of the medical service of the command of the branches of the Armed Forces, directorates of operational (operational-tactical) commands, formations, military units need to systematically study the state of this work and provide assistance in the creation of a training and material base. The problematic issue is the insufficient number of objects of the educational material and technical base for the practical development of issues by military personnel - medical training specialists. Therefore, the heads of the medical service of the command of the branches of the Armed Forces, the directorates of the operational (operational-tactical) commands, formations, and military units need to systematically study the state of this work and provide assistance in creating a training and material base.

The appeal to the historical experience of pre-revolutionary Russia, where the institute of military and naval clergy operated, and Orthodoxy was part of the state ideology, became one of the factors that led to the beginning of the process of its revival in the Armed Forces of the Russian Federation in the early 1990s. In 1995, the coordinating council for cooperation between the clergy and the military personnel was established in Samara Diocese, and in 1996 – the diocesan sub–department for cooperation with the Armed Forces of the Russian Federation, which later became a department. The interaction of Samara Diocese with the Armed Forces of the Russian Federation in 2011–2019 seems to be a topical issue for research, since at that time the educational work of the Russian Orthodox Church with the army structures was improved, mutually beneficial cooperation was conducted, which strengthened the authority of the church in the army and the society, on the one hand, and on the other, it allowed the army structures to fill the ideological vacuum that had formed after elimination of the communist ideology dominance. The purpose of the study is to examine the activities of the department for cooperation with the Armed Forces of the Russian Federation of Samara Diocese of the Russian Orthodox Church in 2011–2019. Materials and methods. The archival materials of the departmental archive of Samara Diocesan Administration, namely the reports made by the administrator of Samara Diocese to Moscow Patriarchate, give the opportunity to analyze the interaction between Samara Diocese of the Russian Orthodox Church with the Armed Forces of the Russian Federation in 2011–2019 most objectively. The research methodology was based on the method of analyzing documents and their scientific description and the historical and systemic method, which made it possible to compare the functions of the military clergy of the pre-revolutionary and the period under consideration. A statistical method was used to analyze data related to the construction of temples in military units in 2011–2019. The methodological basis of the research was the principle of historicism, which allowed us to explore the stages of interaction with the Armed Forces of the Russian Federation in Samara Diocese of the Russian Orthodox Church, as well as evolvement of a special diocesan department for interaction with the Armed Forces of the Russian Federation. Results. The forms of interaction between Samara Diocese with military units in 2011–2019 are examined. It was established that the priests of the department were engaged in spiritual and educational activities and pastoral care for military personnel. They conducted classes on socio-political training, according to the staffing plan in the units, worked with officers, contract and conscript soldiers, with family members, worked with civilian personnel, participated in the work of committees at units and actively fought against negative manifestations of hazing in the military collective. The mutually beneficial nature of such cooperation was proven, as Samara Diocese managed to raise its profile in society, and the Armed Forces were able to rely on its centuries-old experience, which was very important in the context of searching for ideological paradigms in those years. In 2011–2019, the clergy of Samara Diocese established cooperation with military units based in Samara region. Conclusions. The ministry of the clergy in military units contributed to the growth of the authority of the Russian Orthodox Church among the staff of military units, contributed to the improvement of the moral climate, formation of stable and time-tested life goals and values. The army command recommended the program for the spiritual and moral education of military personnel and their family members developed by the diocesan Department for use throughout the Central Military District, which can be considered as recognition of the role and authority of the Russian Orthodox Church in the Armed Forces of the Russian Federation. The practical significance of the study is that the experience of Samara Diocese’s interaction with military units can serve as a positive example for other regions of Russia.

Статтю присвячено проблемі визначення потреби чисельності служб (підрозділів) персоналу у співвідношенні до штатної чисельності особового складу підрозділів, військових частин, органів військового управління Збройних Сил України (далі – ЗС України) в умовах особливого періоду та мирного часу. Підхід до обґрунтування чисельності служб (підрозділів) персоналу проведено з урахуванням інформації щодо функціонування служб персоналу збройних сил розвинених країн світу, країн-членів НАТО тощо; досліджень науковців у зазначеній галузі; врахування співвідношення відповідальних за кадрову роботу до орієнтовного загальноприйнятого показника кількості людського ресурсу. Обґрунтуванням чисельності служб (підрозділів) персоналу було надано можливість окреслити їх спроможність до виконання завдань за призначенням.

Relevance.Health maintanance and professional longevity are primary objectives of medical and psychological support for personnel of EMERCOM of Russia. Information about the state of health of military personnel and civilian personnel of rescue military units of Emercom of Russia, as well as military units for radiation, chemical and biological protection was not found in the available literature.Intention. Clarify data on the state of health of military personnel and civilian personnel of rescue military units of Emercom of Russia for developing evidence-based preventive and rehabilitation measures in the future.Methodology.The health status of the personnel of rescue military units of Emercom of Russia was studied on the model of the Federal State-Owned Institution Nevsky Rescue Center of Emercom of Russia (Kolpino, St. Petersburg) based on the results of periodic medical examinations in 2015–2016.Results and Discussion.The overall prevalence of diseases revealed in military and civilian personnel during the annual medical examination was similar, including the main classes of diseases, and averaged 2 diseases per 1 person. The overall prevalence of diseases in the older age group (30–44 years) of military personnel 1.2–1.4-fold (p = 0.021) exceeded that of the younger (18–29) age group of military personnel as well as of both age groups of civilian personnel. No convincing impact of professional experience on the prevalence of diseases was revealed.Conclusion. The levels and structure of pathology revealed during periodic medical examinations in military personnel and civilian personnel of the Nevsky Rescue Center had no statistically significant differences, suggesting the fundamental similarity of the nature and intensity of occupational factors. At the same time, age rather than the duration of professional activities influenced the frequency of the revealed pathology in the studied sample. Weighted indicators of public health over a longer period of time (5+ years) will help eliminate stochastic effects and make reasonable conclusions about the prevalence of diseases in various military rescue specialists.

The article is devoted to the study of the legal status of military command in Ukraine. The legal status of military command reflects its place in the system of public authorities and the peculiarities of participation in legal relations of various branches. It is established that the activities of military command should be based on military legislation, which includes legal acts relating to: military service, ethics of military personnel, treatment of prisoners of war. It is noted that military law should become the vector direction of development in Ukraine, and the peculiarity of military command is that, on the one hand, these subjects must comply with the established special rules of military service, and on the other hand, establish and detail the conditions of military service. Attention is focused on the fact that the legal status of military command in the Constitution is not detailed, which provides for further regulation at the legislative level. The concepts of “military command” and “military management bodies” are distinguished as follows: the first indicates the management of direct military issues and ensuring their activities, and the second - the bodies authorized to regulate issues of military activity. It is determined that the military command system is a clearly structured hierarchy of subordination and interaction between different levels of military management and looks as follows: the Commander-in-Chief of the Armed Forces of Ukraine, the Commander of the Joint Forces of the Armed Forces of Ukraine, commanders of types and individual branches of troops (forces), commanders (chiefs) of military management bodies, commanders of formations, military units and other military formations formed in accordance with the laws of Ukraine. It has been established that the basis of the legal status of military command subjects during the period of the legal regime of martial law is: their rights and obligations as military officials, that is, military personnel holding positions related to the performance of organizational and managerial or administrative and economic duties, or who are specially authorized to perform such duties in accordance with the legislation; the exercise of direct military leadership or activities related to this; action based on the principle of unity of command; the performance of a special civil service.