Abstract
Respiratory allergic diseases such as bronchial asthma, rhinitis, urticaria, atopic dermatitis have been steadily increasing all over the world, including India. Owing to its alarming trend, several aerobiological surveys have been undertaken in different parts of India to delineate the variety of pollen and spore load. In this review, we have reported the current state of aerobiological knowladge in India with particular reference to allergenic airborn pollen occurence in 2001–2015. Pollen have been found to contribute a significant proportion in the air and caused allergy symptoms in the local inhabitants. Aerobiological records, a questionnaire survey and hospitalization records have been employed for the analysis. <em>Holoptelea integrifolia</em>, <em>Amaranthus spinosus</em> in northern region, <em>Sorghum vulgare</em>, <em>Pennisetum</em>, <em>Gynandropsis gynandra</em>, <em>Parthenium hysterophorus</em>, <em>Dolichandrone platycalyx</em> in southern regions, and <em>Parthenium hysterophorus</em> from the western region; <em>Cynodon dactylon</em>, <em>Cenchrus ciliaris</em> in the central area; <em>Acacia auriculiformis</em>, <em>Cleome gynandra</em>, <em>Catharanthus roseus</em>, <em>Phoenix sylvestris</em>, <em>Areca catechu</em>, and <em>Lantana camara</em> in the eastern regions as potential aeroallergens in India. The statistical approach confirmed the correlation between hospitalization rate associated with allergy-related health troubles and the prevalent allergenic pollen in the air. The Poaceae group has been found to be dominant throughout India. Immuno-biochemical studies identified various protein with allergenic potential found in the pollen recorded. Epitope identification and homology of the major allergenic protein Cat r1 of <em>Catharanthus</em> sp and Par j 1 of <em>Parietaria judaica</em> have been found. Identification of allergenic pollen grains and the modern approach concerning cross-reactivity and epitope revelation of dominant airborne pollen have important clinical implications for the prevention, diagnosis and treatments of allergic diseases in India.
Highlights
Respiratory allergy shows still an increasing trend all over the world
The analyses revealed that 35.41% of people showed a marked positive response to Amaranthus spinosus pollen, followed by Argemone mexicana (22.91%), Adhatoda vasica (18.75%), Ailanthus exelsa (12.5%), Holoptelea integrifolia (10.41%)
IgEbinding components of 66, 56, 32, 28, 25, and 23 kDa were observed to be cross reactive with D. regia and Peltophorum pterocarpum pollen extracts through ELISA inhibition and dot blot studies
Summary
Respiratory allergy shows still an increasing trend all over the world. The airborne bio particles such as pollen grains, fungal spores, and dust mites act as vectors harboring specific proteins that react with the immune system to cause allergy. The fraction I showed four protein components in SDS-PAGE, within which 3 (40–66 kDa) were detected to be IgE-reactive in the western blot immunoblotting applying patient sera. IgEbinding components of 66, 56, 32, 28, 25, and 23 kDa were observed to be cross reactive with D. regia and Peltophorum pterocarpum pollen extracts through ELISA inhibition and dot blot studies. SDS-PAGE resolved the pollen of Mesquite and seed extracts of Lima bean into 33 and 22 distinct protein bands, respectively, the molecular weight ranging from 14 to >100 kDa. Western blot analysis of P. juliflora pollen extract with pooled sera from hypersensitive patients (n = 10) exhibited 16 allergenic proteins. Immunoblot inhibition showed the inhibition of IgE binding components of 20, 26, 35, 66 and 72 kDa of P. juliflora by P. lunatus extract, demonstrating the presence of cross-reactive allergens
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