Abstract
Arthropod-borne viral diseases (arboviruses) are a public-health concern in many regions of the world, including Thailand. This review describes the potential vectors and important human and/or veterinary arboviruses in Thailand. The medically important arboviruses affect humans, while veterinary arboviruses affect livestock and the economy. The main vectors described are mosquitoes, but other arthropods have been reported. Important mosquito-borne arboviruses are transmitted mainly by members of the genus Aedes (e.g., dengue, chikungunya, and Zika virus) and Culex (e.g., Japanese encephalitis, Tembusu and West Nile virus). While mosquitoes are important vectors, arboviruses are transmitted via other vectors, such as sand flies, ticks, cimicids (Family Cimicidae) and Culicoides. Veterinary arboviruses are reported in this review, e.g., duck Tembusu virus (DTMUV), Kaeng Khoi virus (KKV), and African horse sickness virus (AHSV). During arbovirus outbreaks, to target control interventions appropriately, it is critical to identify the vector(s) involved and their ecology. Knowledge of the prevalence of these viruses, and the potential for viral infections to co-circulate in mosquitoes, is also important for outbreak prediction.
Highlights
Arboviral diseases impact human and/or veterinary health in Thailand
This review describes the important human and veterinary arboviruses, their vectors and potential vectors, comprising mosquito species, sand flies, ticks, and cimicids in Thailand
Ae. aegypti is the major vector of dengue and Zika virus transmission, while Ae. albopictus is the major vector of the chikungunya virus in Thailand [14,24,29]
Summary
Arboviral diseases impact human and/or veterinary health in Thailand. Important vector-borne diseases affecting humans in Thailand include dengue (DENV), Zika (ZIKV), chikungunya (CHIKV), Japanese encephalitis (JEV), West Nile (WNV), leishmaniasis, malaria, and rickettsial diseases [1,2,3,4,5]. Multiple arthropod vectors have been recorded from Thailand, some not necessarily yet linked as causal agents of disease outbreaks in this country but known to be transmission agents elsewhere. These include various species of mosquitoes in the genera Aedes, Anopheles, Mansonia and Culex, and other arthropods such as sand flies, ticks, fleas, black flies, and lice [9,10,11,12,13,14]. Our aim was to summarize the important human and veterinary arboviruses and vectors reported during the period 2009–2019 and to describe the arboviruses that have since been recorded in Thailand (Table 1)
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