Abstract
Methomyl is a broad-spectrum oxime carbamate commonly used to control arthropods, nematodes, flies, and crop pests. However, extensive use of this pesticide in agricultural practices has led to environmental toxicity and human health issues. Oxidation, incineration, adsorption, and microbial degradation methods have been developed to remove insecticidal residues from soil/water environments. Compared with physicochemical methods, biodegradation is considered to be a cost-effective and ecofriendly approach to the removal of pesticide residues. Therefore, micro-organisms have become a key component of the degradation and detoxification of methomyl through catabolic pathways and genetic determinants. Several species of methomyl-degrading bacteria have been isolated and characterized, including Paracoccus, Pseudomonas, Aminobacter, Flavobacterium, Alcaligenes, Bacillus, Serratia, Novosphingobium, and Trametes. The degradation pathways of methomyl and the fate of several metabolites have been investigated. Further in-depth studies based on molecular biology and genetics are needed to elaborate their role in the evolution of novel catabolic pathways and the microbial degradation of methomyl. In this review, we highlight the mechanism of microbial degradation of methomyl along with metabolic pathways and genes/enzymes of different genera.
Highlights
Carbamate insecticides are commonly used in various agricultural sectors, crop protection
Microbial degradation methomyl has emerged as a potential toolbeen for the large-scale removal extensively [22,23,24]
A few reports focus on the isolation and characterization isolation and characterization of methomyl-degrading micro-organisms
Summary
Carbamate insecticides are commonly used in various agricultural sectors, crop protection. Environmental residues of methomyl can affect days in water, and between 160 and 224 days in air [12,13,14]. Environmental residues of methomyl can to non-target organisms through soil, chain Long-term affect non-target organisms through the water, soil, chain Different degradation processes for thesuch decontamination of methomyl-affected environments have been tested. Microbial degradation methomyl has emerged as a potential toolbeen for the large-scale removal extensively [22,23,24]. A few reports focus on the isolation and characterization isolation and characterization of methomyl-degrading micro-organisms. The purpose of this review is to summarize methomyl degradation mechanisms and analyze the bioremediation potential of methomyl-degrading microbes in contaminated soil/water environments
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