Abstract
BackgroundCombination of current antidiabetic agents with natural antioxidants to manage diabetes mellitus and its complications has appeared as an emerging trend. Curcumin, a yellow pigment isolated from Curcuma longa rhizomes, has gained attention due to its beneficial effects in controlling the disturbances observed in diabetes mellitus. The purpose of this study was to investigate if yoghurt enriched with curcumin and metformin, individually or as mixtures, ameliorates physiometabolic parameters, glycoxidative stress biomarkers, and paraoxonase 1 (PON 1) activity in diabetic rats.MethodsStreptozotocin-diabetic rats (6-week-old Wistar rats) were treated for 30 days with curcumin and metformin, isolated or as mixtures in yoghurt (10 rats/group). After treatments, the plasma levels of glucose, triacylglycerol, cholesterol, thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS, a biomarker of lipid oxidation), fluorescent advanced glycation end products (AGEs), and the activity of PON 1, an antioxidant enzyme were assessed. Data were analyzed using one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) followed by Student–Newman–Keuls test.ResultsTreatment of diabetic rats with curcumin or metformin alone decreased the plasma levels of glucose, triacylglycerol, cholesterol, TBARS, and fluorescent AGEs, as well as increased the activity of PON 1. The combination of metformin with curcumin further decreased dyslipidemia and TBARS levels in diabetic rats, indicating synergy, and maintained the high levels of PON 1.ConclusionThese findings indicated that curcumin combined with metformin may act synergistically on dyslipidemia and oxidative stress, as well as increased PON 1 levels. Therefore, it might be a promising strategy for combating diabetic complications, mainly the cardiovascular events.
Highlights
Combination of current antidiabetic agents with natural antioxidants to manage diabetes mellitus and its complications has appeared as an emerging trend
In patients newly diagnosed with diabetes, treatment with metformin was able to restore the activity of paraoxonase 1 (PON 1) [16]
The present study demonstrated that the beneficial effects of the combined therapy of metformin and curcumin on diabetes can be achieved via two strategies: (i) the best effects of the isolated treatments were maintained including the reduction in glycosuria and plasma advanced glycation end products (AGEs) levels, the increase in the activity of PON 1, and the reduction in glycemia; (ii) additive effects were reached, mainly by further decrease in plasma triacylglycerol, cholesterol, and thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS), in which levels were minor compared to those of isolated treatments
Summary
Combination of current antidiabetic agents with natural antioxidants to manage diabetes mellitus and its complications has appeared as an emerging trend. A yellow pigment isolated from Curcuma longa rhizomes, has gained attention due to its beneficial effects in controlling the disturbances observed in diabetes mellitus. In spite of the availability of various antidiabetic agents controlling hyperglycemia, therapeutic options targeting other disturbances often related to DM, such as dyslipidemia and oxidative stress have been a major focus in research. Curcumin has gained attention due to its ability to ameliorate hyperglycemia and exert a range of beneficial effects on macro- and microvascular complications, including cardiovascular diseases [2], nephropathy [3], retinopathy [4], and endothelial dysfunction [5]. Studies are showing promising findings on the efficacy of curcumin in combination with antidiabetic agents [6] or with other phytochemicals [7] in the control of glycemia and attenuating other diabetic complications
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