Culture and eco nomic development: Building indicators of cultural capital in Peru

The flood of economic information from China in recent years has permitted reassessment of the "Chinese model of development" and the extent to which China's own development experience has conformed to it. The prevailing consensus of the 1970s concerning the substance of the model itself-typically characterized in terms of the Chinese leadership's objectives and priorities and its strategy for pursuing them-has stood up quite well. The same cannot be said about past appraisals of the extent to which China's economic reality has been reshaped to accord with the model's prescriptions. One of the most widely remarked elements of the Chinese model is the high priority assigned to regional objectives and, more specifically, to "balance" in the distribution of productive capacity and equity in the distribution of income and, hence, consumption. During the Maoist era (i.e., prior to 1979), the central government pursued regional objectives through such measures as interregional transfers of investment resources (effected via the planning system), subsidization of health and education expenditures in poor regions, and attempts to maintain a safety net of state relief (effected largely via control of grain surpluses). In short, there is little doubt that prior to 1979 the Chinese leadership placed an unusually high value on the spread of modern growth and the improvements in welfare associated with it and persistently acted to limit the emergence or widening of interregional disparities.' Although China's post-Mao leaders have shown greater concern with efficiency and with the potential trade-offs between efficiency and such goals as balance and equity, their continuation of many redistributive policies indicates that they have not abandoned regional objectives. But how successful has China been in achieving these objectives?

To local geographical and cultural connotations of stretch point, demonstrates the enormous cultural significance and role of local excellent place to nurture the core values of college students, when presented with excellent local culture nurture the core values of the local college students.

Understanding the spatial differences and evolutionary characteristics of urban economy and exploring the impact of industrial agglomeration and industrial proximity on urban economic convergence are the bases for scientifically formulating policies for coordinated regional economic development. This study used QGIS 3.10.10 software and the Theil index to analyze the spatial distribution characteristics and regional disparities of urban economy. Then, a spatial econometric model was constructed to analyze the convergence and influencing factors of Guangdong’s urban economy. The results indicate that from 2006 to 2020, Guangdong’s urban economy grew rapidly and the degree of economic agglomeration gradually weakened, but its economic pattern always maintained the “Core-Edge” structural feature. The interval disparities between the Pearl River Delta Urban Agglomeration (PRD) and the edge area have always been greater than the intra-regional disparities, so they are main source of disparities in Guangdong. In Guangdong’s urban economy, σ-convergence and β-convergence coexist. The conditional β-convergence rate is 0.96~1.53%, and the half-life cycle is 45.4~72.36 years. Compared to the PRD, the economic disparities in the edge area are smaller but the convergence speed is faster and the half-life cycle is shorter. Both industrial agglomeration and industrial proximity have a significant impact on the economic convergence of Guangdong’s cities. Among them, industrial agglomeration has a positive impact, while industrial proximity has a negative impact. There is spatial heterogeneity in the impact of industries on economic development. Industrial agglomeration has a positive impact on the overall economic development of Guangdong, but it is not significant within the regions. Industrial proximity has significant negative externalities in the PRD region, and its impact is not significant in the edge area.

This paper describes how the composition of the labor force changes with economic development. It considers recent trends in women's labor force participation and the type of jobs held in various sectors as national per capita income increases. The paper notes that women are more likely to work in the family or informal labor market if the labor costs to firms exceed the opportunity costs of female labor to family enterprises. Firms are at a relative disadvantage compared with families in the employment of less experienced and less skilled labor, presumably because their labor costs are affected by such regulations as minimum wage, social insurance premiums and limits on firing. In Asia and Africa, an increase in the proportion of employment in firms within the major sectors accounts for most of the rapid growth in women's overall share of wage employment. In Latin America, however, growth in the proportion of firm employment has been slower than elsewhere, and the share of women in wage employment has even fallen overall in several countries. It is not unreasonable to assume that women have lost more than men from market regulations and distortions, but little research has addressed this proposition. If it is true, however, these interventions in the labor market may be responsible for slowing women's transition from nonmarket and family work to firm employment. This in turn may affect the rate and structure of economic growth.

Globally, there is an increasing regional economic development disparity. The region’s growth depends on strong economic development. The sustainable development of Sri Lanka could be harmed by the regional economic disparity. An essential consideration in the establishment of regional development policies is the identification and magnitude of regional economic disparities. This study looks at the current state of Sri Lanka’s regional economic development disparity. This study’s methodology in this regard involved using several economic development metrics. Data for the year 2019 was acquired through authoritative sources. The multivariate analysis technique using the principal component analysis (PCA) approach has been adopted, which assigns a weight to each dimension and indicator to create composite indexes. The economic development of the western province was higher than that of the other provinces, but there was also a notable disparity between the districts of the western province, with the Colombo district having the highest economic development index. The resulting indices enable policymakers to prioritize regions for additional efforts while also assessing the state of regional disparities. The new index also makes it feasible to classify local government entities logically to support the government’s numerous policy-making and development initiatives. To calculate an index of economic disparity similar to that, the approach would apply to any nation.

Integrating cultural and natural resources for large landscape conservation remains an applied challenge for landscape planners and resource managers across North America. When resources are considered at a regional scale, developing shared priorities, definitions, and metrics is an essential but complex process for successful conservation partnerships. Strategies exist for designing regional conservation models for natural resources, but methods for cultural resource conservation planning often remain focused on individual sites and buildings. Here, we build on our previous work with the Landscape Conservation Cooperatives to advance frameworks and spatial models for regionally integrated natural and cultural resource conservation design and planning. Specifically, we present the results of our survey of cultural resource specialists in the Mid-Atlantic region of the United States to better understand how cultural resources are defined, classified, and valued by this group. Methods from applied cognitive anthropology are useful for uncovering cultural consensus and more marginalized perspectives around resource management priorities, offering a clear pathway for integrating cultural and natural resource conservation. We conclude by restating a call for a National GAP-like research program for cultural resources that integrates diverse cultural practices, perspectives, histories, and values of communities for designing future conservation priorities.

Culture & Arts as Knowledge Resources Towards Sustainability for Identity of Nations and Cognitive Richness of Human Being

This research were conducted to analyze the impact of regional division to the economic disparity among the coastal regions in Bengkulu Province. The data used in this research were time series data of GRDP and population for the period of 1993 to 2000 (before division) and 2004 to 2011 (after divison) obtained from Statistic Office. The result of this research showed that the value of Index Williamson(IW) before regional division was 0,22 lower than the IW value after the regional division (0,43). That was meaned that after the regional division, economic disparity of the coastal region in Bengkulu Province higher than before the regional division. Keywords : regional divisions, economic disparity, coastal region

Creatively applying Ho Chi Minh's thought and our Party's view on the dialectical relationship between economic development and culture, it is necessary to thoroughly grasp and better implement the orientation of harmonious combination between economic development and cultural development. economic and cultural development, building people, realizing social progress and justice right in each step and each development policy. To do so, each economic policy must aim at cultural and human development, progress and social justice; Every cultural policy, people building, every implementation of social progress and justice must contribute to economic development. Any error or bias towards the economy or culture, human, progress and social justice in the planning and implementation of policies of the Party and State will negatively affect the implementation of the Party's and State's policies. implementation of the socio-economic development plan in general, as well as for each specific field. Because these goals have a dialectical relationship, there is an interaction in the development process. Keywords: Ho Chi Minh Thought, development, economy, cultural development, people. DOI: 10.7176/JPCR/54-05 Publication date: December 31 st 2021

Cultural tourism is gradually showing a rapid development momentum, but there are also some corresponding problems in the use and development of cultural resources and management mode, so how to maintain the sustainable development of cultural tourism resources and environment on the basis of economic stability is particularly important. Therefore, this paper takes the tea culture resources of Hunan Province as the research object, adopts the methods of questionnaire survey, and conducts a sample survey on the tourists in Hunan of 2020 Oct. It also analyzes the types of tourists’ travel behavior, the reasons for tourists’ travel, the most important tourist attraction elements, tourists’ satisfaction, awareness of tea culture tourism, and awareness of Hunan Province. The value evaluation of cultural resource development, the evaluation of cultural tourism resources in Hunan Province, the evaluation of cultural tourism commodities and the shortcomings in tourism are analyzed. The results show that tourists pay more attention to the comprehensive experience, cultural resources, and environment; they are willing to learn more about cultural resource tourism; at the same time, they also reflect that there are insufficient development efforts, backward supporting facilities, and lack of relevant talents and laws in cultural resource tourism. Finally, this paper puts forward the sustainable utilization and management mode of cultural resources. By comparing before and after the trip, whether the respondents are “willing” to further understand the tea culture, 26.6% of them are “unwilling” before the trip and 73.4% are “willing,” and 12.2% are “unwilling” after the trip and 87.8% of them choose “willing.”

The Ethnic Minority‐Majority Income Gap in Rural China during Transition

Intercity lighting data are an important resource for studying spatial and temporal patterns in regional urban development as an indicator of the intensity of urban social and economic activity. Understanding the evolutionary characteristics of the spatial pattern of regional economic development can support decision‐making in regional economic coordination and sustainable development strategies. Based on a long time series of nighttime lighting data from 1992 to 2020, this study used the Theil index, Markoff transfer matrix, spatial autocorrelation, and spatial regression to analyze spatiotemporal evolutionary characteristics and drivers of urban economic development in China. The study found that from 1992 to 2020, China's economic development hot spots have been concentrated in highly developed urban agglomerations namely the Beijing–Tianjin–Hebei region, Shandong Peninsula, Yangtze River Delta, and Pearl River Delta. Cold spots were mainly concentrated in the central‐west and southwest of the country. The economic growth rate shows an opposite spatial pattern, which demonstrates the effectiveness of the national coordinated development strategy for regions. The Theil index for urban economic development in China shows an overall downward trend, and the overall economic disparity is mainly due to the relatively low economic development of Tibet, Xinjiang, Gansu, and other western provinces. Therefore, regional economic development remains significantly uneven. In China, the economic type of cities is relatively stable, and the probability of leapfrogging types is low; however, the level of cities with high resource dependence or a single economic structure easily downgrades. The level of economic development and the related socioeconomic factors of neighboring cities influence an obvious spatial spillover effect in the development of urban economies in China. The pattern of China's urban economic development is mainly affected by innovation capacity, financial support, capital investment, transportation infrastructure, and industrial structure.

State, Society & Governance in Melanesia ips.cap.anu.edu.au/ssgm Two centuries of economic development show that spatial disparities in income and production are inevitable. A generation of economic research confirms this: there is no good reason to expect economic growth to spread smoothly across space ... . Countries far from world markets face the stiffest challenges to economic growth and need a strong commitment for cooperative solutions.

Three phenomena of pervasive concern to Canadians - economic disparities, foreign ownership and cultural differences - are explored by quantitative and cartographic examination of city and census county data for 1961 and broad policy implications are noted. Each of Canada's major regions: the Maritimes, Quebec, Ontario, the Prairies and British Columbia have distinctive cultural identity. Cultural diversity in Canada reflects the concentrations of minority ethnic groups in regions that are predominantly English as well as the cultural contrasts between English and French. Economic development and regional disparities have independent regional patterns that cut across the cultural dimensions. Regional disparities reflect heartland-hinterland and urban-rural differences, and, to a lesser extent the regional impact of foreign ownership. Canada's heartland may be defined by the manufacturing belt which stretches from Windsor to Quebec City. Sheer distance from the heartland is a potent factor in regional development and should be taken into account in development programs. Urban growth has tended to be slower in the periphery than in the heartland, but it has been particularly slow in the Atlantic periphery. Metropolitan centres have a prominent role in the nation's economy, but no urban centre in the Atlantic Provinces ranks high in metropolitan status. Foreign ownership has increased regional disparities by the concentration of American subsidiaries in those parts of the Canadian heartland contiguous with the American manufacturing belt; but foreign ownership, economic development and cultural differences are independent dimensions of Canadian regionalism.

The issue of environmental security in the context of sustainable development is a highly topical one, being intensively studied by specialists both in terms of its impact on biodiversity and on the protection of non-renewable resources, and in terms of its economic and social impact. The authors aim to quantify the impact of water security on economic and social development based on a new structural equation model and identify changes in the latent variable Water Security Index. (WSI), economic development (ED) and social development (SD) dynamics over the period 2000–2022 for the 27 EU Member States. The methodology is based on the use of structural equation systems and the use of the Independent-Samples Kruskal-Wallis Test to identify the influences of water security measures on economic and social indicators and to assess regional disparities of environmental policy development in relation to economic and social development. The research results will highlight the level of homogeneity of regional water security clusters in Europe and the influence of this approach on economic and social disparities. The results of the study highlight the significant correlation between population density, pollution levels and the costs associated with maintaining water quality. The study shows that high population density and high pollution levels disproportionately increase the financial burden of water quality management. In addition, the analysis highlights the social ramifications of neglecting the sustainability of water sources, particularly in regions experiencing low economic growth. In such scenarios, the negative social impact intensifies, highlighting the importance of sustainable practices. The results allow the formulation of the following public policies: Standardization of the national water quality management framework in line with the European framework; Establishment of organizations to monitor the safety of water sources and the health of the local population; Continuation of innovations in the field of water environment protection; Promotion of social responsibility towards the aquatic environment; Continuation of the process of improving water management governance. The results are useful for economic, environmental and social policy makers to optimise European sustainable development strategies.